陕西省种植业结构变化及时空演变分析

ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES AND SPATIAL-TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF PLANTING INDUSTRY IN SHAANXI

关键词:  种植业结构  时空演变  专业化水平  重心模型  区位商  陕西省

Key words:  planting industry structure  temporal and spatial evolution  level of specialization  center of gravity model  location quotient  Shaanxi province

摘要:

目的 随着种植业规模化专业化进程，把握农业生产空间格局演变趋势，对推动农业经济发展尤显重要。方法 文章利用重心模型和区位商指数考察1995—2019年陕西省10个地级市5类14种农作物重心格局的时空演变规律，农作物区域分工和专业化水平。结果 结果表明：种植业重心总体向东北方向迁移的趋势，其中粮食和蔬菜重心分布空间态势相似，稳定向东北方向发展；水果迁移幅度小，迂回波动大；油料和经济作物相似，高密度空间均向西南方向集聚。主要农作物形成一定规模的集聚格局，小麦、玉米、蔬菜向关中集聚，稻谷、油菜、烟草、茶叶和桑类向陕南集聚，大豆和麻类向陕北集聚。结论 陕西省种植业地理集聚趋势总体增强，专业化和集群发展模式多样化，影响因素中第二自然因素（经济主体、产品差异化、市场需求）和政府政策日益凸显。种植业专业化分工比较明显，各地区作物的专业化水平迥异，水果和经济类作物存在一定的地理集中，表现出更高的专业化水平。

Abstract:

With the process of large-scale specialization of planting industry, grasping the evolution trend of the spatial pattern of agricultural production is particularly important to promote the development of agricultural economy. This paper used the center of gravity model and location quotient index to investigate the temporal and spatial evolution of the pattern of the center of gravity of 5 types of 14 heavy crops in 10 prefecture-level cities in Shaanxi province from 1995 to 2019, as well as the regional division of labor and the level of specialization of major crops. The research results showed that the center of gravity of the planting industry generally migrated to the northeast. The distribution of the center of gravity of food and vegetables was similar, and it developed steadily to the northeast; the migration of fruits was small, with large roundabout fluctuations; oil crops and cash crops were similar, with high density were all clustered towards the southwest. The main crops formed a certain scale of agglomeration pattern. Wheat, corn, and vegetables gathered in Guanzhong, rice, rape, tobacco, tea and mulberry gathered in southern Shaanxi, and soybeans and hemp gathered in northern Shaanxi. To conclude, Shaanxi's planting industry has increased its geographic agglomeration trend, specialization and cluster development models are diversified, and the influence of the second natural factors (economic entities, product differentiation, market demand) and government policies have become increasingly prominent. The specialization of the planting industry is relatively obvious, and the level of specialization of crops in various regions is very different. There is a certain geographical concentration of fruits and economic crops, showing a higher level of specialization.