政府规制下畜禽养殖废弃物处理合规行为选择

DISPOSAL OF WASTE IN LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY BREEDING COMPLIANCE BEHAVIORS ON THE GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS

关键词:  政府规制  农业废弃物  生猪养殖  Heckprobit模型  无害化处理

Key words:  government regulation  agricultural wastes  pig-breeding  Heckprobit model  bio-safety disposal

摘要:

目的 推进畜禽养殖废弃物的无害化处理和综合利用，对于改善农村生态环境和实现农业可持续发展有着重要的现实意义。通过深入分析影响养殖户畜禽养殖废弃物处理行为选择的主要因素，以期为完善畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用政策提供参考借鉴。方法 文章以病死猪处理行为为例，运用实验经济学方法测算养殖户监管风险规避程度，采用Heckprobit模型分析监管风险规避对养殖户是否进行畜禽养殖废弃物无害化处理以及无害化处理方式选择的影响。结果 养殖户监管风险规避程度越高，越倾向于无害化处理病死猪；养殖年限、病死猪随意处理危害认知、养殖规模、群体规范对病死猪无害化处理行为有显著的正向影响；养殖户对生猪养殖存在较高的收入依附性和就业依附性时，更倾向于资源化处理病死猪。结论 加强政府监管是倒逼畜禽养殖废弃物合规处理的主要手段。而在政府监管资源有限的情况下，多渠道引导养殖户树立合理的风险意识以及建立养殖信息交流平台有助于进一步规范畜禽养殖废弃物处理行为。

Abstract:

It is of great practical significance to promote bio-safety disposal and comprehensive utilization of livestock and poultry breeding waste for rural ecological environment and agricultural sustainable development. In order to provide constructive policy recommendations to facilitate governments' amendments on livestock and poultry breeding waste resource utilization policies，the objective of this paper is to analyze the determinants affecting farmers' disposal of waste in livestock and poultry breeding. Taking disposal of died pigs as an example, we investigated the level of farmer's risk aversion towards regulation risk by a series of experiments with economic principles. The Heckprobit model was applied to examine determinants of whether farmers bio-safety dispose waste in livestock and poultry breeding and which mode they want to choose. The results showed that farmers with a higher level of risk aversion were more likely bio-safety disposal died pigs. Long years engaging in pig breeding, having big breeding scale, cognition of hazard in disposing died pigs randomly, living near to disposal center for died pigs, having high degree of group norms could significantly and positively influence farmers' choice on bio-safety disposal died pigs; income's dependence on aquaculture and employment dependence on aquaculture had positive effect on recycling utilization of died pigs. The results indicates that environmental supervision is the main means to force disposal of waste in livestock breeding compliance behaviors. In the case of limited government regulation resources, guiding farmers to set up reasonable risk awareness in several ways and establishing a breeding information exchange platform will contribute to regular the waste disposal behavior of livestock and poultry breeding.