社会规范、环境规制与农户施肥行为选择研究

RESEARCH ON SOCIAL NORMS, ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND FARMERS’ FERTILIZATION BEHAVIOR SELECTION

关键词:  施肥行为选择  社会规范  环境规制  化肥替代技术  减量施用  多变量Probit

Key words:  fertilization behavior selection  social norms  environmental regulations  fertilizer substitution technology  fertilizer reduction application  multivariable Probit

摘要:

目的 依托社会规范与环境规制引导农户施肥行为选择，对提高农业生产效率实现农业绿色发展具有重要意义。方法 通过将农户施肥行为选择分为直接减少化肥施用量与采纳化肥替代技术两部分，构建多变量Probit模型。文章基于甘肃省895份农户调研数据，分析社会规范、环境规制对农户施肥行为选择的影响。结果 （1）社会规范对农户施肥行为选择有促进作用。社会规范的描述性规范和命令性规范既能促进农户采纳化肥替代技术，也对农户减少化肥施用有正向作用。（2）环境规制作用复杂。引导型规制能引导农户减少化肥施用量，却对农户采纳化肥替代技术有消极作用。激励型规制能促进农户采纳化肥替代技术，却会刺激农户过量施用化肥；（3）社会规范与环境规制对农户施肥行为选择存在交互作用，二者对农户采纳化肥替代技术的交互作用为正。结论 政府应改进引导型规制的技术培训方式，减少其对农户时间与动员成本的挤占，避免激起农户的抵触心理；调整激励型规制的方式方法，防范其在刺激化肥过量施用方面的负作用。此外，重视社会规范建设，发挥社会规范对环境规制的辅助与矫正作用，引导二者良性互动，协同发力。

Abstract:

Relying on social norms and environmental regulations to guide farmers' choice of fertilization behavior is of great significance for improving agricultural production efficiency and promoting agricultural green development. By dividing farmers' fertilization behavior into two parts: reduction of fertilizer application and adoption of fertilizer substitution technology, a multivariate Probit model was constructed, and based on 895 survey data of farmers in Gansu province, farmers' selection of fertilization behavior was analyzed by social norms and environmental regulations. The results showed that:①Social norms promoted the fertilization behavior of farmers. The descriptive norms and imperative norms could both not only promote farmers to adopt fertilizer substitution technology, but also had a positive effect on farmers' reduction of fertilizer application. ②Effect of environmental regulations was complex. Guiding regulations could guide farmers to reduce using fertilizer, but they had a negative effect on farmers' adoption of fertilizer substitution technology. Incentive regulation could promote farmers to adopt fertilizer substitution technology, but it would stimulate farmers to over-apply fertilizer; ③Social norms and environmental regulations had an interaction effect on farmers' fertilization behavior choices, and the interaction on farmers' adoption of fertilizer substitution technology was positive. So, the government should improve the technical training of guided regulation, reduce its squeeze on farmers' time and mobilization costs to avoid arousing farmers’ resistance; adjust the methods of incentive regulations to prevent farmers from applying fertilizer excessively. In addition, attach importance to the construction of social norms, give play to the auxiliary and corrective role of social norms in environmental regulation, and guide them in a coordinated manner.