后新冠疫情下我国农业农村数字经济发展问题、趋势与对策

POST-PANDEMIC DIGITAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS IN CHINA'S RURAL AREAS

关键词:  新冠疫情  农业农村  数字经济  研究分析  对策建议

Key words:  COVID-19  rural areas  digital economy  research and analysis  countermeasures and suggestions

摘要:

目的 随着互联网与大数据的发展，我国数字经济融合技术、经济和产业于一体，有力助推供给侧结构性改革，同时也为防控疫情、保障经济社会各方面的有效运转提供有力支撑，但在非网民规模巨大的农村地区，数字经济发展相对滞后。在此次新冠疫情冲击之后，数字经济在促进农村劳动者就业、推动农业农村产业转型升级等方面将发挥重要作用。为了进一步优化农业生产结构和农村区域布局，文章主要围绕我国农业农村如何更好地应对疫情对农产品供应链体系带来的挑战，以及疫情后农业农村数字经济的加快发展等一系列问题展开探讨。方法 运用文献研究法，通过调查与农村农业数字经济相关的文献和数据获得研究资料，从而全面地、正确地了解新冠疫情对农业农村的影响。结果 该文在分析农业农村数字经济发展机遇及存在问题的基础上，探讨疫情后农业农村数字经济的发展趋势：（1）农业农村数字经济由增量向增质转变；（2）农业农村数字经济由供给端向需求端转变；（3）农业农村数字经济由单一向多元发展转变；（4）农业农村数字经济由自由分散经营向规范化与规模化转变。结论 在此基础上，提出促进我国农业农村数字经济平稳快速发展的主要建议：（1）保证农业农村数字经济基础设施高水平供给；（2）重视物流配送、商流组织等“软”性要素；（3）大力推进数字技术与农业农村的深度融合；（4）加强农业农村数字经济领域的人才培养；（5）加强农业农村数字经济法律法规建设。农业农村可以通过数字化技术克服空间障碍，为更多的消费者提供服务，使数字经济成为农村农业升级的强大动力。

Abstract:

With the developments of the Internet and big data, China's digital economy has greatly facilitated the supply-side structural reform. Moreover, it has also lent strong supports for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic and the effective operation of the economy and society during the pandemic. However, in rural areas with a large number of non-internet users, the development of digital economy largely falls behind, despite the fact that digital economy will play important roles in promoting the employment of rural workers and the transformation and upgrading of agriculture and rural industries. In order to further optimize the agricultural production structure and rural regional layout, this paper mainly focuses on how to better deal with the challenges of pandemic on the supply chain of agricultural system, and how to accelerate the development of rural digital economy after the pandemic. This study combined literature review and empirical data on the development of digital economy in Chinese rural areas, to evaluate the impacts of the pandemic on the rural areas as well as agricultural developments. This paper identified the following development trendsin the post-pandemic Chinese rural digital economy developments. (1) The economy was shifting from quantitative to qualitative improvements. (2) The economy was shifting from supply-side to demand-side. (3) The economy was becoming more diversified. (4) The management of the economy was becoming more standardized and scaled. Based on these findings, this paper puts forward the following suggestions for the continuous developments of the Chinese rural digital economy: (1) Ensuring the high-quality supply of digital-economy infrastructure in rural areas. (2) Focusing on logistics and the business flow that facilitated successful digital economy. (3) Promoting the deep integration of digital technology and rural economies. (4) Developing human resources in the digital economy. (5) Constructing a more robust law system for the digital economy. In summary, digital technologies can help rural areas overcome their spatial barriers to economic developments, by offering more services to the consumers. Thus, the digital economy will be a strong force for the upgrading of rural economies in China.