我国农业产业集聚度比较分析及区划研究

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND REGIONALIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL AGGLOMERATION DEGREE IN CHINA

关键词:  区位熵模型  集聚度  现代农业  竞争优势  可持续发展

Key words:  location entropy model  agglomeration degree  modern agriculture  competitive advantage  sustainable development

摘要:

目的 我国农业处于由传统农业向现代化转型的关键时期，探究农业产业集聚状况及空间布局，对不断优化产业布局，提高农村经济发展水平具有重要的现实意义，将有利于推动农业现代化的发展进程。方法 文章基于2009—2018年我国31个省（市、自治区）第一产业生产总值及就业人数的统计数据，采用区位熵模型探究各地区农业产业发展的集聚度，并通过竞争态模型进一步对农业产业发展的集聚度竞争态进行了区划分析。结果 （1）我国农业产值集聚竞争态势呈现地区间分布不平衡，空间差异比较明显的特点。（2）进行划区分析表明，东北三省、西北地区及河北、山东和广西、海南、贵州为优势区域；山西、天津和广东为具有竞争潜力的区域；上海、浙江、江苏和福建等东部沿海省（市）及北京和重庆为劣势区域；安徽、江西、河南、湖北和湖南以及四川、云南和西藏等8个省（自治区）为实力区域。结论 大部分地区处于农业竞争优势区域，农业仍然是我国大部分地区的优势产业。为进一步推动农业的增产增效，对于具备农业产业发展优势的地区应进一步突出产业集聚特点，并不断扩大辐射范围，带动周围地区农业的发展。

Abstract:

Agriculture in China is in a critical period of transition from traditional agriculture to modernization. Exploring the agglomeration of agricultural industries has important practical significance for optimizing the industrial layout and improving the level of rural economic development, and may help promote the development of agricultural modernization. Based on the statistical data of the GDP and employment of 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the country from 2009 to 2018, the location entropy model was used to explore the degree of agglomeration of agricultural industry development in various regions, and the degree of agglomeration of agricultural industry development was further developed through the competitive model. The study found that the distribution of agricultural output value agglomeration and competition among regions in China was unbalanced, with obvious spatial differences. Among them, the three northeastern provinces, the northwest region, Hebei, Shandong, Guangxi, Hainan, and Guizhou were the dominant regions. Shanxi, Tianjin and Guangdong were regions with competitive potential. Eastern coastal provinces (cities) such as Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Fujian, and Beijing and Chongqing were disadvantaged areas. The adjacent 8 provinces (autonomous regions), including Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei and Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet, were regions of strength, but their competitive advantages were showing a decreasing trend. The change trend of the location entropy of agricultural output value in various regions was roughly the same as that of the number of employees. The rapid development of agriculture may provide more jobs, and the continuous improvement of labor productivity could also promote the improvement of agricultural economy and achieve higher output value. To conclude, each region should rely itself on the status quo of the development of its own agricultural industry, start by focusing on the development of characteristic industries, improving labor productivity, and extending the agricultural industry chain, optimize the structure of the agricultural industry, and promote increased agricultural production and efficiency.