云南怒江州易地搬迁人口的致贫因素与后续脱贫路径研究

STUDY ON THE FACTORS OF POVERTY AND FOLLOW-UP POVERTY ALLEVIATION PATHS OF THE POOR RELOCATED FROM INHOSPITABLE AREAS IN NUJIANG OF YUNNAN PROVINCE

关键词:  易地扶贫搬迁  贫困人口  致贫因素  后续脱贫措施  怒江州

Key words:  relocation for poverty alleviation  poor people  factors of poverty  paths of follow-up poverty alleviation  Nujiang of Yunnan province

摘要:

目的 通过对云南省怒江州所辖3县1市易地搬迁贫困人口的入户调查，归纳主要致贫因素，设计有针对性的脱贫措施和实施路径，推动易地搬迁贫困人口早日脱贫。方法 文章运用地理调查方法，从怒江州67个易地搬迁安置点中随机选择了32个，在所选安置点中随机抽选621户搬迁户进行入户调查访谈，获取搬迁户基本家庭信息和主要致贫因素。结果 截止2019年末，68%的易地搬迁贫困户仍未脱贫，其主要致贫因素包括文化素质、地理区位、交通条件、产业基础等区域性因素以及发展动力、疾病、教育等家庭个性因素；易地搬迁贫困户的贫困类型有内源型贫困、外源型贫困和复合型贫困，区域性措施、普惠性措施、到户措施等后续脱贫的必要措施。结论 易地扶贫搬迁不是脱贫的充分条件，搬迁人口中依然有大量贫困对象，其后续脱贫需要厘清致贫因素、制定脱贫措施并构建易于措施落实的制度环境。

Abstract:

Relocation for poverty alleviation refers to the relocation of the poor people living in areas without living conditions to other areas with better conditions, through which the relocated people get rid of poverty and become rich gradually by improving production and expanding income channels. However，part of the relocated can’t shake off poverty because of the poverty causing factors and kinds of difficulties to adapt to the new living environment. In this context, it is of great practical significance to study the subsequent poverty alleviation of the relocated population. Nujiang prefecture of Yunnan province is one of the deep poverty-stricken areas in China, and also a typical area for poverty alleviation through relocation. In August 2019, the research group randomly investigated 32 relocation sites and 621 relocated households in this area, so as to summarize the main poverty causing factors and to design targeted poverty relief measures and implementation paths to promote the relocated people to get rid of poverty as soon as possible. According to the observation and data analysis, the following conclusions were drawn as follows. (1) As of August 2019, 68% of the poverty-stricken households identified by the government were still not out of poverty, and the subsequent task of poverty alleviation was arduous. (2) Regional poverty-causing factors included low cultural quality, poor traffic conditions, less available resources, and weak industrial support. Meanwhile, lack of development motivation, lack of technology and large expenditure on health or education were the main personality poverty-causing factors of the relocated households. (3) According to different poverty-causing factors, there were three types of poverty: endogenous poverty, exogenous poverty and compound poverty. In order to solve the problem of the subsequent poverty alleviation of the relocated population, this paper puts forward regional measures, inclusive measures and household measures based on the causes of poverty and the characteristics of the region. In conclusion, relocation for poverty alleviation is not a sufficient condition for getting rid of poverty and there are still a large number of poor households in the relocated ones. So, it is very necessary to clarify the poverty-causing factors, formulate poverty alleviation measures, and build an institutional environment that is easy to implement relevant measures in the follow-up poverty alleviation works.