农民合作社减贫、增收效应与异质性分析基于中国西部贫困地区农户调研数据

FARMERS’ COOPERATIVES ALLEVIATION, INCOME INCREASE EFFECT AND HETEROGENEITY ANALYSISBASED ON THE SURVEY DATA OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN POOR AREAS OF WESTERN CHINA

关键词:  农民合作社  贫困地区  分位数回归  倾向得分匹配  增收效应

Key words:  farmers' cooperatives  poor areas  quantile regression  propensity score matching method  income increase effect

摘要:

目的 在脱贫攻坚视域中，农民合作社作为产业扶贫的重要载体，为乡村经济和社会发展提供动力，是农村地区反贫困合意、有效的组织化形态，对农民合作社减贫问题进行研究，具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。方法 文章利用2018年云南、贵州、陕西和甘肃4省7县1 393户农户的微观调研数据，采用分位数回归和倾向得分匹配法对农户参加农民合作社的增收效应进行了实证检验。结果 农民合作社可以有效改善农户家庭收入水平，参加农民合作社可以使农户家庭总收入平均提高38.04%；农民合作社对中高收入水平农户、非贫困农户、低学历农户的增收促进作用更为明显；另外，户主受教育年限、是否建档立卡、土地面积、村里面是否有农民合作社、人情往来支出对数、政府补贴津贴对数、是否参加专业培训等7个因素均提高了农户参加农民合作社的意愿，而户主年龄、学生数量、是否有外出务工人员等3个因素会降低农户参加农民合作社的意愿。结论 据此，应继续培育和发展农民合作社，提升农户参与农民合作社的意愿，强化农民合作社与贫困农户的利益联结，注重扶贫资源对于贫困农户获得的便利性。

Abstract:

In the perspective of poverty alleviation, farmers' cooperatives are important carrier of industrial poverty alleviation and provide impetus for rural economic and social development. They are desirable and effective organizational form of anti-poverty in rural areas. So research on farmers' cooperatives alleviation has important theoretical value and practical significance. The micro-survey data of 1 393 households in 4 provinces 7 counties of Yunnan, Guizhou, Shaanxi and Gansu in 2018, this research used the method of quantile regression and propensity score matching to evaluate the income effect of farmers' cooperative on poverty alleviation. The results were indicated as follows. Farmers' cooperatives had a positive impact on the income of farmers, and participation in farmers' cooperatives could increase the total income of households by 38.04% on average. Farmers' cooperatives had a more obvious effect on increasing the income of middle and high income farmers, non-poor farmers and low-educated farmers. In addition, such as the length of schooling of the household head, whether the household was a registered poor household, land area, whether there was a farmers' cooperative in the village, logarithm of human interaction expenditure, logarithm of government subsidies and subsidies, and whether the household participates in professional training, all improved the willingness of the household to participate in the farmers' cooperative. But the age of the household head, the number of students and whether there were migrant workers would reduce the willingness of farmers to participate in farmers' cooperatives. Based on the above conclusions, we should continue to cultivate and develop farmers' cooperatives, strengthen the willingness of farmers to join farmers' cooperatives, strengthen the interest connection between farmers' cooperatives and poor farmers, and pay attention to the convenience of poverty alleviation resources for poor farmers to capture.