基于农民阶层异化的宅基地退出决策影响因素分析

ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCING FACTORS OF HOMESTEAD WITHDRAWAL DECISION BASED ON FARMER STRATUM DIFFERENTIATION

关键词:  宅基地退出  农民阶层  退地决策  影响因素  差异性

Key words:  homestead withdrawal  farmer stratum  land withdrawal decision  influencing factors  differences

摘要:

目的 农村经济社会的转型，必然导致农民阶层的分化，不同阶层的农民退地决策可能存在较大差异，这是理论界对宅基地退出决策研究长期忽略的问题。方法 文章构建分析框架，结合的重庆调查，应用初步与改进B-Probit估计模型， 定量分析农民阶层分异的宅基地退出决策的影响因素。结果 （1）农民阶层异化明显，且不同阶层的农民退地目的存在较大差异，农民退地决策是由退地前后成本、收益与风险共同决定。（2）村庄贫弱阶层农民中，自变量家庭主要成员是否定居城镇、是否打算改善居住环境、是否需要改善现有社保水平对因变量该阶层农民退地决策产生显著正向影响；自变量年龄、房屋结构、是否具有宅基地祖产观念对因变量该阶层农民退地决策产生显著负向影响。（3）非农兼业阶层农民中，是否有多处宅基地、子女教育是否存在问题、退地复垦政策是否稳定对因变量该阶层农民退地决策产生显著正向影响；因变量房屋造价、房屋是否新建、宅基地是否位于城镇规划范围、宅基地是否家庭主要财产、退地补偿发放是否不及时、退地补偿金额是否偏低对因变量该阶层农民退地决策产生显著负向影响。（4）脱离农地阶层农民中，因变量房屋造价、房屋是否新建、宅基地是否位于城镇规划范围、退地补偿发放是否不及时对因变量该阶层农民退地决策产生显著负向影响。结论 针对各农民阶层退地效益偏好不同，实行差异化的退地复垦补偿对策，以稳妥地推进宅基地退出复垦工作。

Abstract:

The transformation of rural economy and society will inevitably lead to the differentiation of farmer stratum, and farmers of different stratum may have great differences in the homestead withdrawal decision, which has long been neglected by the theoretical circle in the study of homestead withdrawal decision. The analysis framework was constructed, combined with the Chongqing survey, and the preliminary and improved B-Probit estimation model was applied to quantitatively analyze the influencing factors of the homestead withdrawal decision.The results were listed as follows. (1) The alienation of farmer stratum was obvious, and there were large differences between different classes of farmers' land withdrawal, the decision of farmers' land withdrawal was determined by the cost, profit and risk before and after land withdrawal. (2) These independent variables had a significant positive impact on the dependent variable peasants' decision of land withdrawal, such as, whether the main members of the independent variable family settle in towns, plan to improve the living environment, and need to improve the current social security level. While these independent variables had a significant negative effects on the dependent variable peasants' decision of land withdrawal, such as, age, house structure and ancestral property of homestead. (3) Among farmers with non-agricultural part-time jobs, whether there were more than one homestead, whether there were problems in children's education, and whether the land retreat policy was stable had a significant positive impact on the dependent variable farmers' land retreat decision. Dependent variables such as housing cost, whether the house was newly built, whether the homestead was located within the planning scope of the town, whether the homestead was the main family property, whether the compensation for land return was not timely, and whether the compensation amount for land return was low have a significant negative impact on the dependent variables.(4) The dependent variable housing cost, whether the house was newly built, whether the homestead was located within the planning scope of the town, and whether the compensation for land withdrawal was not paid in a timely manner had a significant negative impact on the dependent variable farmers' land withdrawal decision. Therefore, according to the different benefit preferences of farmers, different reclamation countermeasures should be implemented to promote the homestead withdrawing from reclamation work.