发达地区不同规模家庭农场粮食生产技术效率的实证研究基于上海松江家庭农场的调查

TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF GRAIN PRODUCTION IN FAMILY FARM WITH DIFFERENT SCALES IN DEVELOPED AREASA SURVEY OF FAMILY FARM FROM SONGJIAN, SHANGHAI

关键词:  家庭农场  技术效率  随机前沿生产函数  Tobit模型  松江区

Key words:  family farm  technical efficiency  stochastic frontier production function  Tobit mode  Songjiang district

摘要:

目的 松江在发展家庭农场方面的探索和实践，被认为是可以在我国经济较发达地区推广和复制的“松江模式”。通过对该地区家庭农场粮食生产的技术效率进行实证研究，可以为发达地区家庭农场推进适度规模经营、优化资源配置提供理论依据和政策支持。方法 基于2017年上海市松江区943个家庭农场的问卷调查数据，文章运用随机前沿生产函数模型测算了不同经营规模家庭农场粮食生产的技术效率，并在此基础上运用Tobit模型进一步探究了其影响因素。结果 上海市松江区家庭农场粮食生产的技术效率水平较高，达到0.922 6，且适度中规模家庭农场粮食生产的技术效率最高，家庭农场主的性别、受教育程度、务农年限和经营家庭农场的年限以及家庭农场主的父辈是否经营家庭农场、家庭农场种植制度的选择等对家庭农场粮食生产的技术效率具有显著性影响。结论 对于经济发展水平较高的地区而言，必须坚持以农户家庭经营作为农业生产的基本单位，因地制宜推进家庭农场的适度规模经营，同时，大力发展农机社会化服务，鼓励家庭农场主对稻田进行3年1次轮茬，在改良后的土地上种植二麦。

Abstract:

The exploration and practice of developing family farms in Songjiang district of Shanghai is considered as “Songjiang model”， which can be promoted and replicated in the economically developed areas of China. This paper makes empirical research on the technical efficiency of the grain production in the family farms of this area on the purpose of providing theoretical basis and policy support for the family farms in the developed areas to promote moderate scale operation and optimize resource allocation. Based on the questionnaire survey data of 943 family farms in Songjiang district, Shanghai in 2017, this paper calculated the technical efficiencies of grain production on the sample family farms with different operational scales through applying the stochastic frontier production function model, and then it explored the influencing factors of those efficiencies by using Tobit model. The results indicated that the average technical efficiency of grain production in the family farms of Songjiang district was relatively on the high side, which reached 0.922 6. Among all the sample farms, the moderate-scaled family farms achieved the highest technical efficiency. It was also found by the research that the factors that had significant effects on the technical efficiency of grain production in the family farms included the farmer's gender, educational level, years of farming, years of operating family farms, the parents' experience of generation operates family farms as well as the choice of family farm planting system. It is concluded that in those districts with a relatively high level of economic development should insist on keeping farmer's family operation as the basic unit of agricultural production, promoting and guiding the family farms to make operation in an appropriate scale according to the specific conditions. Meanwhile, it is suggested by the research that the social service of agricultural machinery should be enhanced, the owners of family farms should carry out crop rotation in paddy fields once in every three years and the wheat can be planted on the improved land.