农产品商品化设备使用率调查研究

INVESTIGATION AND RESEARCH ON THE UTILIZATION RATE OF COMMERCIALIZATION EQUIPMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

关键词:  生鲜果蔬  商品化  供应链  设备使用率

Key words:  fresh fruits and vegetables  commercialization  supply chain  utilization rate of equipment

摘要:

目的 商品化是提高农产品附加值的主要途径，其效率高低与设备使用率紧密相关，究竟我国农产品商品化设备使用率如何，下一步应如何调整和应对，这是降低农产品流通成本、优化农产品供应链亟需厘清的问题。方法 文章以7种重要果蔬产品为对象，对全国6个农产品产区10个县级经济区域开展典型调查，采用统计分析、问卷调查、面对面访谈等方式，定量测算商品化设备使用率，并进行分析。结果 全国6个产区果蔬商品化设备使用率平均为21.78%。其中，水果类产品商品化设备使用率处于10%~45%之间，蔬菜类产品不足10%；干燥环节和分级环节设备使用率分别为31.40%、38.98%，预冷环节和包装环节分别为8.30%、6.59%。结论 农产品商品化设备使用率低，显著影响“小生产”与“大市场”的对接效率，也是导致我国农产品流通成本高、损耗大的重要原因所在，提高农产品商品化设备使用率的重点在于加强组织协作、加大政策支持、推动工商资本下乡、完善设备供给体系、加强宣传和培训等。

Abstract:

Commercialization is the main way to improve the added value of agricultural products, and the efficiency level of commercialization is closely related to the utilization rate of equipment.What is the real utilization rate of the equipment for the commercialization of agricultural products in China, and how shall we adjust and respond it in the next step, these issues must be clarified, so as to reduce the cost of circulation of agricultural products and optimize agricultural supply chain.Taking 7 kinds of important fruit and vegetable products as object, the paper carried out typical survey in 10 county-level economic regions in 6 major agricultural production areas in China. Quantitative research methods were introduced by means of statistical analysis, questionnaire survey, face-to-face interview to estimate and analyze the utilization rate of commercialization equipment. The results showed that the average utilization rate of commercialization equipment for fruit and vegetable products was 21.78% in those 6 areas. Among them, fruit products' were between 10% and 45%, and vegetable products' were less than 10%. On the other hand, the utilization rates of equipment for drying process and grading process were 31.40% and 38.98% respectively, the rates of pre-cooling process and packaging process were 8.30% and 6.59%.In summary, the overall utilization rate of commercialization equipment is low in China, which restricts the efficiency of “small production” docking “big market”, also causes high cost and loss of agricultural products circulation.The key points to improve the rate should focus on strengthening organization collaboration, increasing policy support, promoting industrial and commercial capital to countryside, improving equipment supply system, and strengthening publicizing and training.