基于韦伯二重合理性的农户生态耕种行为分析

ANALYSIS OF FARMERS’ ECOLOGICAL FARMING BEHAVIOR BASED ON WEBER’S DUAL RATIONALITIES

关键词:  耕地保护  工具理性  价值理性  生态耕种行为  Order-Probit

Key words:  cultivated land protection  instrumental rationality  value rationality  ecological farming behavior  Order-Probit

摘要:

目的 基于韦伯二重合理性理论框架，通过对传统农业大省江西省农户生态耕种行为理性的评价，分析农户生态耕种行为主要因素的影响规律，为农户生态耕种激励政策的制定提供参考。方法 文章以江西省农户为调查对象，采取分层抽样和随机抽样相结合的方式选取样本农户，针对户主或是参与农业经营决策的家庭主要成员开展访谈和问卷调查相结合的入户调查。利用获取的1 488份有效问卷数据，通过层次分析-熵值定权法确定农户生态耕种理性评价指标权重并进行评价，得出农户生态耕种行为理性的评价值。运用Order-Probit模型分析二重合理性理论框架下农户生态耕种行为的工具理性、价值理性及其交互以及其他主要因素的影响规律。结果 （1）样本农户平均采纳生态耕种行为4.735项，工具理性评价均值为0.546 8，价值理性评价均值0.354 2，丘陵区农户生态耕种行为工具理性和价值理性值比平原、山地区更高。（2）当前，工具理性在农户生态耕种行为采纳上起到消极的抑制作用，价值理性起到积极的促进作用，而二重合理性的冲突减弱了农户生态耕种采纳率。（3）家庭劳动力占比越高、耕地收入占比的提高，农户采取生态耕种行为的可能性越高，而促进小农户向新型农业现代经营主体的转变是提高农户生态耕种行为采纳的有效途径之一。（4）农户保留仅供自家消费的耕地说明其对耕地生产的安全性持有疑虑，更加愿意进行生态耕种以保持耕地和农产品健康。结论 需要积极落实生态农产品的补偿，完善有关法规制度和质量监管，实现生态耕种的产品价值，以达到农户追求效益的工具理性与耕地保护的价值理性之间的协调统一。

Abstract:

Based on Weber's dual rationalities theoretical framework, this paper analyzes the influence laws of farmers' ecological farming behavior by evaluating the rationality value of their behavior, which can provide reference for the formulation of farmers' ecological farming incentive policies. A combination of stratified and random sampling was used to select sample farm households in Jiangxi province, a traditional agricultural province in China. Farmers who made agricultural business decisions in their households were subjected to our in-home interviews and questionnaires. The AHP-entropy weighting method was used to determine the weighting of indicators for the rational evaluation of farmers' ecological farming behavior. And the Order-Probit model was used to analyze the influence laws of instrumental rationality, value rationality, and its interaction, and other major factors on farmers' ecological farming behavior. The results showed that: (1) The sample farmers adopted 4.735 ecological farming behaviors on average, with the mean value of instrumental and value rationality of 0.546 8 and 0.354 2. The instrumental and value rationality values of ecological farming behaviors were higher in hilly areas than in plain and mountain areas. (2) At present, instrumental rationality played a negative role in the adoption of ecological farming practices by farmers, while value rationality played a positive role. The conflict of duel rationalities weakened the adoption rate of ecological farming by farmers. (3) The higher the share of household labor and the higher the share of income from farming, the more likely farmers were to adopt ecological farming practices. Promoting the transformation of small farmers into new agricultural business entities was one of the effective ways to increase the adoption of ecological farming practices by farmers. (4) Farmers' retention of cultivated land for their own consumption indicate that they had doubts about the safety of cultivated land production. Therefore, they were more willing to engage in ecological farming to maintain the health of their land and agricultural products. Finally, this paper proposes to realize the value of ecological farming products by implementing compensation for ecological agricultural products, and improving the relevant regulatory system and quality control. In this way, coordination, and unification between the dual rationality of farming households can be achieved, and the adoption of ecological farming by farmers can be promoted.