| 引用本文: | 卓拉,谢栋,吴普特,刘艺琳,姬祥祥,冯变变.中国生猪生产水足迹空间变异与评价[J].中国农业资源与区划,2022,43(4):96~107 |
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| 中国生猪生产水足迹空间变异与评价 |
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卓拉1,2,4,5，谢栋2,3，吴普特1,2,4,5，刘艺琳2,3，姬祥祥2,3，冯变变2,3
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1.西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌 712100;2.西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌 712100;3.西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌 712100;4.国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌 712100;5.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌 712100
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| 摘要: |
| 目的 为了剖析2008年和2017年中国大陆31个省（市、自治区）生猪水足迹组成及时空演变规律，评价生猪生产蓝水足迹的可持续性，厘清饲料作物及其贸易对生猪养殖耗水的作用，以明确我国畜产品生产对区域用水的效率和影响。方法 文章采用“自下而上法”量化与解析2008年和2017年我国各地生猪生产水足迹的空间变异性，厘清猪生产中主要耗水者—饲料虚拟水的空间流动过程，基于“可持续利用”概念，定量评价生猪水足迹及饲料虚拟水流动的可持续性。结果 （1）生猪单头水足迹呈下降趋势，且散养生猪单头水足迹最大；但生产规模扩大使2017年我国生猪生产总水足迹增至2 194亿m3/年。（2）不可持续蓝水足迹占生猪生产蓝水足迹的86%，其中饲料消费不可持续蓝水足迹贡献了91%。（3）生猪生产水足迹高值区集中在南方地区，但生猪生产不可持续蓝水足迹高值区集中在水资源短缺的北方地区。2017年由缺水地区输出的不可持续虚拟蓝水已达省际间饲料作物虚拟蓝水流动量的91%。结论 我国生猪饲养应亟需优化饲料供应结构，协调畜牧产业和种植业布局，并加大农业节水技术推广，以期在水资源刚性约束下，实现畜产品供需安全和粮食安全保障。 |
| 关键词: 水足迹 虚拟水流动 可持续性评价 生猪生产 饲料作物 空间变异 |
| DOI：10.7621/cjarrp.1005-9121.20220411 |
| 分类号:S271 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目“黄河流域作物生产水足迹时空演变与尺度效应研究”（51809215） |
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| ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN WATER FOOTPRINTS FOR PIG FEEDING IN CHINA |
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Zhuo La1,2,4,5, Xie Dong2,3, Wu Pute1,2,4,5, Liu Yilin2,3, Ji Xiangxiang2,3, Feng Bianbian2,3
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1.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;2.Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;3.College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;4.National Engineering Research Centre for Water Saving Irrigation at Yangling, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;5.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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| Abstract: |
| This research is intended to analyze the composition and temporal-spatial evolution in water footprints (WFs) for pig feeding in 31 provinces (cities or regions) of China from 2008 to 2017, assess the sustainability of the blue WF of pig production, clarify the effect of feed crops and their trades on water consumption of pig feeding, so as to expound the efficiency and impact of livestock production in China on regional water consumption. The “bottom-up” method was adopted to quantify and analyze the spatial variability of the WF of pig production as well as inter-provincial feed-related virtual water flow patterns. Then, based on the concept of “sustainable use”, the sustainability of the WF of pigs and the virtual water flows of feed quantitively was evaluated. The results showed that the national average WF per head of pig declined while in the biggest magnitude under the scatter-feed. Due to industrial extension of pig feeding, the total WF of pig feeding increased to 219.4 billion m3/year by 2017. The unsustainable blue WF of pig feeding accounted for 86% of the total, in which feed crops contributed to 91%. The higher WF of pig feeding was concentrated in the southern region, whereas the highest unsustainable blue WF of pig feeding gathered in the northern region with severe water shortages. The unsustainable blue virtual water exported from water scarce provinces reached 91% of overall feed crop-related inter-provincial blue virtual water flowed by 2017. So, it is urgent to optimize the feed supply structure, coordinate the distribution of animal husbandry industry and planting industry, and increase the promotion of agricultural water-saving technology for realizing sustainable and efficient agricultural water utilization under limited water resources, towards both livestock supply-demand security and food security. |
| Key words: water footprint virtual water flows sustainability assessment pig feeding feed crops spatial variation |
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