简论引入国外游牧话语与中国牧区变迁的差异

ANALYSIS ON THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE INTRODUCTION OF FOREIGN NOMADISM DISCOURSE AND THE CHANGE OF PASTORAL AREAS IN CHINA

关键词:  牧区发展  建设养畜  游牧  国外话语  现代化

Key words:  pastoral development  constructive animal husbandry  nomadism, foreign discourse  modernization

摘要:

目的 新中国成立以来，我国牧区将单纯依附自然的游牧业转型发展为生产稳定、生活安定的建设型草原畜牧业，并且开始向现代化目标推进。方法 然而进入21世纪后，福特基金会北京办事处把国外游牧猎奇话语冠以“国际新概念”引入到我国学术界，宣扬在中国牧区恢复游牧。文章就国外游牧话语中的流动性、非均衡、公共产权、“游牧=生态”标签、“反规则”的牧区特殊论、排斥发展要素的“本土化”与中国牧区的差异进行辨析。结果 该文揭示其实质是要不要发展的问题，彰显中国牧区坚持建设养畜迈向可持续、内涵式发展的正确道路和巨大成就。结论 强调只有排除国外游牧话语的干扰，才能使我国牧区已经初现的现代生态文明景象更加美好，实现党的第二个百年奋斗目标对“现代化”的要求。

Abstract:

Since the founding of the People′s Republic of China, China′s pastoral areas have been transformed from the nomadic industry relying solely on nature into a constructive grassland animal husbandry with stable production and stable life, and began to move toward the goal of modernization. However, after entering the 21st century, the Beijing Office of Ford Foundation introduced a foreign nomadic hunting discourse with the title of "new international concept" into China′s academic field, and advocated the restoration of nomadism in China′s pastoral areas. This article analyzed the differences between the actual situations occurring in China′s pastoral areas and the foreign nomadic discourse such as mobility, imbalance, public property rights, "nomadism = ecology" label, "out of universal rule" theory based on pastoral particularity, the "localization" with exclusion of development elements. This paper reveals that the essence of the foreign nomadic discourse is whether to develop or not, and shows the correct path and great achievements of China′s pastoral areas in adhering to the constructive animal husbandry towards sustainable and connotative development. Therefore, it is emphasized that only elimination of the interference from foreign nomadic discourse would make better the emerging modern ecological civilization in China′s pastoral areas and realize the requirements of the second Centennial goal for "modernization" of the Communist Party of China.