地权稳定性对耕地质量的影响——基于流转契约安排的视角

THE INFLUENCE OF LAND RIGHTS STABILITY ON SOIL QUALITY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TRANSFER CONTRACT ARRANGEMENT

关键词:  土地流转  地权稳定性  契约安排  耕地质量  租期

Key words:  land transfer  land rights stability  contract arrangement  soil quality  tenancy

摘要:

目的 巩固和完善农村基本经营制度是保障国家粮食安全和农村社会稳定的重要基石。在“三权”分置背景下，如何通过稳定地权实现耕地质量的有效保护和提升，已成为保障国家粮食安全的重要举措。方法 文章从地块属性和土地流转契约安排等地权稳定视角，利用2015年和2018年黑龙江、浙江、河南、四川4省两轮粮食规模户生产与测土面板数据，在统计分析的基础上，选取混合最小二乘法、随机效应模型和工具变量法进行实证分析，系统研究土地流转是否对耕地质量存在影响。结果 （1）四省耕地质量稳中向好，但不同地区变化趋势差异明显。（2）稳定的地权有利于改善耕地质量，较长的农地流转期限有利于耕地质量的保护与提升。（3）流转农地缺乏书面合同约束，不约定流转期限和流转期限短现象依然普遍，地权稳定性仍需加强。（4）地权稳定性随着流转农地来源农户数量增加而减弱。结论 基于主粮保供视角，建议持续关注耕地质量变化，促进耕地质量整体得到改善和提升；加强土地流转规范管理，引导农地流转期限长期稳定，增强农业经营主体生产的稳定预期，更好发挥地权稳定的长效激励作用，为耕保护性型措施的采用提供有利条件，进而达到保护和提升我国耕地质量的长远目标。

Abstract:

Consolidating and improving the basic rural operation system is an important cornerstone for ensuring national food security and rural social stability. In the background of separating the ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights for rural land, how to effectively protect and improve the quality of cultivated land through stabilizing land property rights has become an important problem to ensure national food security . From the perspective of land property and land transfer contract arrangement, using the data of household production and soil measurement panel from 2015 to 2018 in Heilongjiang , Zhejiang , Henan and Sichuan , we studied the impact of land transfer on the quality of cultivated land . Firstly, the quality of cultivated land in the four provinces was stable and good , but the regional difference of the change trend was obvious. Secondly, stable land property rights contributed to improving the quality of cultivated land, and a long farmland transfer period was conducive to the protection and improvement of land quality. Thirdly, the lack of written contract and the transfer period, and the short transfer period was still common, and the stability of land rights still needed to be strengthened. Finally, the stability of land property rights weakened with the increase of households that land transfer from. It is suggested to pay attention to the change of cultivated land quality, strengthen the standard management of land transfer, stabilize the long-term production expectation of agricultural operation entities, improve the long - term incentive role of land property right stability, provide favorable conditions for the adoption of land protection measures, and then achieve the long-term goal of protecting and improving the quality of cultivated land in China .