多维视阈下土地流转的减贫效应及其异质性研究——基于CFPS2018微观数据分析

STUDY ON THE POVERTY REDUCTION EFFECT AND HETEROGENEITY OF LAND TRANSFER FROM MULTI-DIMENSIONAL PERSPECTIVE——BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF CFPS2018 MICRO DATA

关键词:  土地流转  农户家庭收入  贫困脆弱性  FGLS模型  PSM方法

Key words:  land transfer  household income  poverty vulnerability  FGLS model  PSM method

摘要:

目的 土地流转是深化农村土地制度改革的重要探索，是解决农村贫困问题的重要路径，以土地流转为抓手对进一步实施乡村振兴战略具有重要意义。方法 文章基于2018年4 445份中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据，从收入和贫困脆弱性两个维度入手，构建可行广义最小二乘法（FGLS）模型并运用倾向得分匹配（PSM）法分析土地流转的减贫效应及其异质性。结果 （1）在收入维度下，土地流转户的家庭收入水平相比未流转户高12.07%，其中受教育程度、家庭规模和工资水平的差异是影响农户家庭收入增加的关键因素；（2）在贫困脆弱性维度下，土地流转户的贫困脆弱性比未流转户低5.13%，西部地区贫困脆弱性水平为0.419远高于中部和东部地区；（3）从土地流转方式来看，土地转出户的贫困脆弱性比土地转入户显著低0.018，通过PSM解决内生性问题后结果依然稳健。结论 加快健全土地经营权流转机制，根据不同地区、不同农户的土地流转特征出台针对性的相关政策，强化新型农业经营主体的带动作用，完善农村社会化服务体系。

Abstract:

As an important endeavor to deepen the reform of rural land system, land transfer represents an important way to alleviate rural poverty, for which taking it as the starting point to further implement the rural revitalization strategy is of great significance. Based on the data from 4 445 questionnaires of the China Family Panel Studies 2018 (CFPS2018), this study mainly explored such two dimensions as income and poverty vulnerability. After building a Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) model, this study then analyzed the effects of poverty alleviation and heterogeneity of land transfer by using the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method. The results were showed as follows. (1) The income levels of land transfer households were 12.07% higher than those of non-land transfer households. In addition, the differences in education, family size as well as pay were considered the key factors affecting the increase of household income. (2) The poverty vulnerability of land transfer households was 5.13% lower than that of non-land transfer households. Meanwhile, the poverty vulnerability of western region was 0.419, much higher than that of central and eastern regions. (3) From the perspective of land transfer mode, the poverty vulnerability of land transfer-out households was significantly lower than that of land transfer-in households by 0.018, with the result still stable after the endogenous problems had been solved by using the PSM method. In summary, the improvement of transfer mechanism of land-use rights should be accelerated. According to the characteristics of land transfer in different regions and of different households, we should introduce relevant policies, strengthen the leading role of new types of agricultural businesses, thus to improve the system of socialized rural services.