我国粳稻生态效率的演变与区域差异研究

THE EVOLUTION AND REGIONAL DIFFERENCE OF ECO-EFFICIENCY OF CHINA’S JAPONICA RICE PRODUCTION

关键词:  生态效率  粳稻产区  产投系统  冗余分析  时空分异

Key words:  eco-efficiency  japonica rice-producing region  input and output system  redundancy analysis  temporal and spatial differentiation

摘要:

目的 运用生态效率的方法，评判粮食生产能否协调好口粮保供、粮农保收和生态保育之间的关系，对我国粮食生产可持续发展政策制订提供参考。方法 文章以生产力和赢利性双重目标为约束，以碳排放和农田污染为非期望产出，运用DEA-SBM模型，以粳稻主产省为测评对象，分析我国粮食连年丰产期粳稻生态效率及其时空演变特征，诊断生态效率的短板。结果 2004—2018年我国粳稻生态效率年平均值为0.858 4，无明显上升趋势，总体处于较高水平；东北稻区的黑龙江、吉林、辽宁，长江中下游稻区的江苏、安徽，以及西南稻区的云南，粳稻生产处于生态相对高效水平，华北稻区和西北稻区则处于生态相对低效水平；生态效率损失主要由农化物资及排灌费的高投入，以及非期望产出的高冗余造成。结论 我国粳稻实现高产的环境代价仍较大，全国粳稻生态效率地域差异明显，未来粳稻生产可适当向生态相对高效区域集中。

Abstract:

This study examined a trade-off among the productivity, profitability, and environment for grain production using the eco-efficiency method, aiming to provide reference for policy-making of sustainable development of grain production in China. We took rice yield and output value as the expected output, carbon emissions and pollution losses as undesirable outputs, using the DEA-SBM model to evaluate the eco-efficiency and its spatio-temporal evolution of China's japonica rice production during the successive years of high yield. We also identified the sources of low eco-efficiency. The results showed that: (1) From 2004 to 2018, China's annual average value of the eco-efficiency of japonica rice production was 0.858 4. There was no obvious upward trend and had been at a relatively high level on the whole. (2) Japonica rice production in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces in Northeast China, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and Yunnan province in the southwest rice region, was relatively high in eco-efficiency during the same period. In contrast, the other japonica rice-producing regions in North China and Northwest China had a relatively low level of eco-efficiency. (3) The recent loss of eco-efficiency was mainly derived from the high input of agricultural chemical materials, irrigation and drainage fees, and the high redundancy of undesired output. In summary, the environmental cost of achieving a high yield of japonica rice in China is still relatively large, and the eco-efficiency of japonica rice varies significantly in different regions. On this basis, japonica rice production should be concentrated in regions with relatively high eco-efficiency in the future.