基于积温带重新划分的东北玉米熟型分布研究

DISTRIBUTION OF MATURITY TYPES OF MAIZE BASED ON ACCUMULATED TEMPERATURE REZONE IN NORTHEAST CHINA

关键词:  气候变暖  东北地区  积温区划  玉米  熟型

Key words:  climate warming  Northeast China  the distribution of accumulate temperature  maize  maturity types

摘要:

目的 统一东北玉米生态区内的积温带划分标准，研究气候变暖对东北地区玉米熟型分布的影响，为区域农业气候资源高效利用、种植业结构调整、玉米品种选择和区域有序适应气候变化提供参考依据。方法 文章利用1981—2019年东北地区223个气象站的39年气温资料，以≥10℃年活动积温为指标、200℃·d为分级标准，对积温带进行重新划分，根据积温与叶片数的对应关系，确定玉米熟型分布，分析积温带和玉米熟型的时空变化。结果 东北地区可分为10个积温带，第一至第七积温带为玉米潜在种植区，积温和玉米熟型的分布受地形影响明显，潜在种植区内积温和熟型呈马蹄形自西南向东北方向分布，与基准期（1981—2010年）相比，2011—2019年积温带北移东扩，中熟和中早熟品种扩张最明显。结论 年活动积温2 300℃·d（AAT10）等温线可作为东北地区玉米实际种植的北界，玉米熟型区划可作为东北地区玉米种植的最高熟型标准；气候变暖背景下东北地区整体热量条件改善，吉林、黑龙江玉米种植区域扩大和晚熟化种植最明显，目前主产区以种植中晚熟及更晚熟品种为主，大兴安岭对玉米分布起屏障作用。

Abstract:

The study aims to investigate the influence of climate warming on the distribution of maturity types of maize by unifying the classification standard of the accumulative temperature zone in the maize ecological zone in Northeast China. The findings may be useful for the efficient utilization of regional agricultural climate resources, adjustment of planting structure, selection of maize varieties and regional orderly adaptation of climate changes. Temperature data of 223 meteorological stations in the Northeast region from 1981 to 2019 were used in this study. The accumulated temperate zone was reclassified by using the index of ≥10℃ annual active accumulated temperature and 200℃·d as the classification standard. According to the corresponding relationship between accumulated temperature and leaf number, the distribution of different maturity types of maize was further determined. We evaluated the changes in the temporal and spatial distribution of accumulated temperature zone and maize maturity type. The Northeast region were divided into 10 accumulative temperature zones. The first to seventh accumulative temperature zones were potential maize planting areas. The distributions of accumulative temperature zone and maturity type of maize were significantly affected by topography. In the potential planting areas, the accumulative temperature and the maturity pattern roughly exhibited a horseshoe-shaped distribution pattern that gradually decreased from the southwest to the northeast. Compared with the baseline period (1981—2010) , the accumulative temperature zones were moved northward and expanded eastward, and the middle and middle-early varieties showed most obvious expansion in 2011—2019. Annual active accumulative temperature of 2300℃·d (AAT10) thermal line can be used as the northern boundary of actual maize planting. The maturity division can be used as the highest maturity standard for maize growing area in the Northeast. The overall heat conditions in the Northeast were improved with climate warming. The maize growing area of Jilin and Heilongjiang was expanded and the late ripening maize planting area was the most evident. At present, the main production areas are mainly planted with mid-late and later maturing maize varieties, and the Greater Khingan Mountains serve as a barrier to planting maize in the Northeast.