我国沼气产业发展的历程、现状和未来方向研究——基于河南漯河地区的典型案例分析

THE RESEARCH ON COURS, CURRENT SITUATION AND FUTURE DIRECTION OF CHINA’S BIOGAS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT——BASED ON THE TYPICAL CASE ANALYSIS OF LUOHE AREA, HENAN

关键词:  沼气产业  发展模式  典型案例  成本收益分析  发展经验

Key words:  biogas industry  development model  typical cases  cost and benefit analysis  development experience

摘要:

目的 我国沼气发展历史较长，但诸如沼气利用率低、成本较高、产业化程度较低等问题也日益凸显。如何发挥我国沼气资源优势是当前和未来一段时间绿色发展所面临的重要问题之一。为了寻求新型绿色能源，走出一条适合我国国情的沼气发展道路，在一系列的新型能源产业政策支持下，我国沼气产业发展进入了转型升级阶段。但是，制约于多方管理、实施力度不到位等问题，沼气产业政策的实施效果不甚理想。因此，总结我国沼气产业发展历程和模式，对成功典型案例进行归纳分析，对推进我国沼气产业可持续发展无疑具有重大意义。方法 文章结合我国沼气产业发展的历程和现状，针对河南漯河地区沼气3种典型发展模式进行成本收益分析，分别计算不同模式下典型项目的净现值和内部收益率。结果 （1）特大型沼气发电工程项目综合产业园模式的典型项目、大型养殖场综合利用模式的典型项目和户用沼气—沼气服务公司模式的典型项目中的单个农户的综合效益的净现值分别为4 626.25万元、874.11万元和1 737.73元，内部收益率分别为36.04%、40.19%和24.76%。（2）户用沼气—沼气服务公司模式中的沼气服务公司也可以通过灵活经营决策实现盈利，保持其发展模式的可持续性。（3）排除政策因素，3种模式的综合效益的内部收益率仍可达17.48%、20.80%和14.76%。（4）3种模式分别适合沼气原料丰富、易于产业化的地区，养殖场等原料产生、产物利用需求稳定的地区以及污水处理系统较差但交通相对较为便利的农村地区。结论 我国各地沼气产业要充分考虑当地的自然资源禀赋条件，着眼规模生产、政策执行和盈利模式等实际发展问题，参考漯河地区的经验，因地制宜地推进产业发展。

Abstract:

China has a long history of developing biogas but problems such as low biogas utilization, high cost, and low level of industrialization are becoming increasingly prominent. Therefore, how to give full play to the advantages of biogas resources in China has been one of the important issues for facing green development in a long period of current and even future. For seeking the new types of green energy and finding out a developmental path of biogas that is suitable for China's conditions, the development of biogas industries in China has assessed to a stage of transformation and upgrading supported by a series of new industrial policies for energy. But, due to the influence of overlapping management and inadequate execution, the effects of carrying out biogas industrial policy is not very ideal. Therefore, it is of great significance for promoting sustainable development via summarizing China's development history and mode of the biogas industry, analyzing and inducting the succession of typical cases. Combined with the development history and current situation of the biogas industry in China, this paper calculated the net present value and internal rate of return of each one by analyzing the cost and benefit of three typical modes in Luohe area, Henan. According to this research, the typical modes of ‘the comprehensive industrial park of extremely large biogas power generation project’, the comprehensive utilization of large-scale breeding farm’, and ‘the household biogas-biogas service company’ individually produced the net present value of comprehensive benefits about 46.26 million yuan, 8.74 million yuan and 1 737.73 yuan, and corresponded to internal rates of return respectively were 36.04%, 40.19%, and 24.76%. These Biogas companies of mode of ‘the household biogas - biogas service company’ also can remain profitable through flexible decision making for business and maintain the sustainability of commercial development. Whereas, the internal rate of return related to three modes still could reach 17.48%, 20.8%, and 14.76%, even if excluding the influence of policy elements. The three models were suitable for different places, including where having ‘rich biogas raw materials and easy industrialization’, ‘farms that can produce the stable raw materials and reuse demands’, and ‘rural areas with poor sewage treatment systems but convenient transportation’. The biogas industry in China should fully consider local endowment and natural resource, and focus on the actual developmental problems such as scale production, policy implementation and profit models, and promote the industrial development according to local conditions referred to the experiences of Luohe area, Henan.