乡土文化视角下的贫困治理遭遇与对策——以河南省Z村的贫困治理案例为例

POVERTY MANAGEMENT EXPERIENCE AND COUNTERMEASURES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LOCAL CULTURE* ——TAKING Z VILLAGE IN HENAN PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  脱贫攻坚  乡土社会  实践困境  乡土文化  贫困治理

Key words:  precision of poverty alleviation  acquaintance society  practical dilemma  village culture  poverty governance

摘要:

目的 文章以乡土文化的视角切入，通过分析扶贫资源下移过程中存在的第一书记制度嵌入受阻、村民自治组织信任危机以及资源下移的目标偏离等问题，以厘清扶贫干预工作中的文化遭遇及深层逻辑。方法 运用实地调研、参与观察、深度访谈等定性研究方法，分析扶贫资源下移过程中的问题及背后机理。结果 （1）作为精准扶贫的主战场，乡村社会有着自身传统社会的运行逻辑，这与现代社会运行体系下的精准扶贫思路有着较大差异，冲突与弥合纵贯精准扶贫全过程。（2）扶贫干预遭遇的困境背后是精准扶贫本身数据精准思维与乡土社会文化的冲击和碰撞，正是乡土社会隐藏下的农村逻辑干扰着扶贫的顺利进行。（3）熟人社会背景下的利益抱团、建立在私人道德上的差序格局以及村庄治理中呈现的无为政治，这些本土化的乡土逻辑干扰着扶贫资源的下移和村庄治理的合规。结论 扶贫过程中应积极赋权于驻村工作队，加强精准扶贫具体政策的有效传达等政策建议。

Abstract:

Based on the perspective of local culture, the paper tries to clarify the cultural experience and deep logic in poverty alleviation intervention by analyzing the problems in the process of poverty alleviation, such as the blockage of the first secretary system, the trust crisis of the villagers' self-governance organization and the deviation of the target of resource transfer. Qualitative research methods, such as field investigation, participant observation and in-depth interview, were used to analyze the problems in the process of poverty alleviation resources' downward movement and the underlying mechanism. As the main battlefield of targeted poverty alleviation, rural society had its own operation logic of traditional society, which was quite different from the idea of targeted poverty alleviation under the operation system of modern society. Conflicts and bridging went through the whole process of targeted poverty alleviation. Behind the dilemma of poverty alleviation intervention lied the impact and collision between the accurate thinking of the targeted poverty alleviation data and the rural social culture. It was the rural logic hidden in the rural society that interfered with the smooth progress of poverty alleviation. The social background of acquaintances, the pattern of difference based on private morality and the politics of inaction in village governance were all interfering with the downward movement of poverty alleviation resources and the compliance of village governance. Therefore, in the process of poverty alleviation, the village teams should be empowered to strengthen the effective communication of specific targeted poverty alleviation policies and other policy recommendations.