改进可持续生计框架下易地扶贫搬迁前后农户生计对比分析以贵州省贞丰县者相镇安置点为例

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLD’S LIVELIHOOD BEFORE AND AFTER RELOCATION UNDER THE FRAMEWORK OF IMPROVING SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD——A CASE STUDY OF THE RESETTLEMENT LOCATION IN ZHEXIANG TOWN, ZHENFENG COUNTY, GUIZHOU PROVINCE

关键词:  易地扶贫搬迁  SLA框架  生计资本  生计稳定性  耦合协调模型

Key words:  relocation for poverty alleviation  SLA framework  livelihood capital  livelihood stability  coupling coordination model

摘要:

目的 基于改进可持续生计框架，对比分析搬迁前后农户生计现状，厘清易地扶贫搬迁对农户生计的影响，对推动贵州省易地扶贫搬迁农户生计可持续发展具有重要的现实意义，提出提升易地扶贫搬迁农户生计资本量和生计资本稳定性的建议。方法 文章引入主观满意度对可持续生计框架进行改进，建立适宜易地扶贫搬迁农户的可持续生计评价的指标体系，探究者相镇安置点农户搬迁前后的生计资本持有量变化，并对其生计可持续性及生计资本对生计稳定性的影响进行分析。结果 （1）者相镇安置点易地扶贫搬迁农户搬迁后生计资本综合值得到一定程度的提升，物质资本和满意度明显提升，自然资本和金融资本下降；（2）者相镇安置点农户搬迁后生计稳定性总体呈下降趋势，但随搬迁年限的增加而提高，生计多样性和收入多样性降低，非农业生计多样性提升；（3）搬迁后农户生计耦合度提升4.059 6%，生计资本与生计稳定性耦合协调度由低度耦合提升至中度耦合。结论 者相镇安置点农户生计可持续发展水平得到一定程度的提高，各类生计资本指标差异明显，推动搬迁农户生计资本的均衡发展和提高收入多样性，可帮助搬迁农户实现“搬得出、稳得住、能致富”。

Abstract:

Based on the upgraded sustainable livelihood framework, this study compares the current situation of rural households' livelihood before and after relocation and investigates the impact of relocation policies on rural households' livelihood, and it is of utmost significance to the sustainable development of the livelihood of poor relocated farmers in Guizhou province. Then, it proposes some suggestions to enhance the quantity and stability of the livelihood capital of relocated farmers. This study upgraded the original sustainable livelihood framework by adding subjective satisfaction to establish an index system suitable for evaluating sustainable livelihoods of relocated rural households, examined the change of sustainable livelihood value before and after the farmers' relocation to the resettlement site of Zhexiang town, and investigated the sustainability of farmers' livelihoods and the impact of livelihood capital value on the stability of livelihoods. The results were revealed as follows. (1) The sustainable livelihood value of relocated farmers in resettlement sites in Zhexiang town improved to some extent after relocation. (2) The value of physical capital and satisfaction increased significantly. (3) The value of natural capital and financial capital decreased. In addition, the livelihood stability of farmers in the resettlement site of Zhexiang Town declined after relocation. However, with the increase in relocation time, the stability of livelihood improved gradually, the diversity of livelihood and income diversity declined, and the diversity of nonagricultural livelihood increased. After relocation, farmers' livelihood coupling increased by 4.059 6%, the degree of coupling coordination between livelihood capital value and livelihood stability increased from low coupling to moderate coupling. In summary, the sustainable development level of farmers' livelihood improves to some extent, however, the differences of various livelihood capital indicators are apparent. Overall, helping farmers comprehensively increase various livelihood capital and attain diversified income development can enable relocated farmers to achieve a stable life and increased income.