基于发展水平和协调度的乡村振兴格局与分区研究——以江苏省为例

PATTERNS AND ZONING OF RURAL REVITALIZATION BASED ON THE COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF DEVELOPMENT LEVEL AND COORDINATION DEGREE——A CASE STUDY OF JIANGSU PROVINCE

关键词:  乡村振兴  发展水平  协调度  空间格局  江苏省

Key words:  rural revitalization  development level  coordination degree  spatial pattern  Jiangsu province

摘要:

目的 乡村振兴战略是国家破解“三农”问题的系统部署，是激发乡村发展活力、实现农业现代化的必然要求。构建乡村振兴评价指标体系，对乡村振兴状况进行评价，是保证乡村振兴战略顺利推进的重要前提，也是当前研究热点，可为发达地区乡村振兴评价和针对性措施的制定提供参考依据，丰富乡村振兴的理论基础与研究思路。理论上可为衡量乡村振兴发展状况和制定区域发展政策提供参考，实践中可为江苏省乡村振兴实现进一步的突破提供科学指导。方法 文章以经济发达的江苏省为例，基于“指标体系—空间格局—空间分类”的研究主线，从产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕5个领域建立指标体系，借助熵值法、空间自相关、协调度模型对乡村发展水平和协调度进行评价，并开展乡村振兴的格局解析与分区研究。结果 江苏省乡村发展水平与地区经济社会发展水平呈明显正相关，表现为 “苏南最高、苏中居中、苏北最低”的空间格局；江苏省乡村振兴协调度存在明显差异，呈现“中部最高、南部居中、北部最低”的分布特征；综合发展水平与协调度，将研究区乡村发展分为重点突破型、全面推进型、协调发展型、优化提升型。结论 结合江苏省实际情况、现有研究成果探索了乡村振兴的发展方向，并针对不同类型地区提出相应的振兴策略。

Abstract:

The rural revitalization strategy is a systematic program to solve the so-called “Three Rural Issues” in China and is a necessary approach to stimulate rural vitality and promote agricultural and rural modernization. The scientific evaluation index system and evaluation is an essential prerequisite to ensure the effective implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. It is also a focus of current researches in rural studies. Theoretically, the effective assessment can provide scientific reference for measuring rural revitalization and formulating the regional development policies. Practically, it is valuable for achieving further breakthroughs in rural revitalization in Jiangsu province. Based on the research approach of “index system—spatial pattern—spatial classification”, an indicator system was developed to consider five factors, i.e. prosperous industry, ecological livability, social civilization, effective governance, and affluent life. Then, the development level and coordination degree of different factors in rural revitalization were evaluated through the methods of the entropy model, spatial autocorrelation and coordination model. The spatial pattern and zoning of rural revitalization were analyzed accordingly and the results were showed as follows. (1) The rural development level was positively correlated with economic and social development level in Jiangsu. The spatial distribution of rural development level was characterized by “high in the south, the central in the middle, and low in the north”. (2) There were apparent differences in the coordination degree of the rural revitalization among counties, which showed an overall gradient pattern in Jiangsu province with the central had the highest level, followed by the south and north. (3) According to the coupling relationship between development level and coordination degree, rural revitalization could be classified into four categories, i.e. key breakthrough type, comprehensive promotion type, coordinated development type, and optimization promotion type. Some place-specific policy implications are developed to promote rural revitalization based on the research results. The rural revitalization in Jiangsu province can take “high-quality and coordinated development” as the main strategy. It is suggested that key breakthrough type should focus on the development of modern agriculture and optimize the spatial structure of industrial layout; comprehensive promotion type requires the government to strengthen external intervention to gradually break away from the low-level development mode, such as developing local advantage industries; coordinated development type should narrow the gap in all respects to achieve coordinated rural development; optimization promotion type should rely on existing development advantages and further adjust to achieve high-quality rural development. This research can provide good reference for the evaluation of rural revitalization and corresponding policy-making in the developed region and enrich the theoretical arguments and research ideas of rural revitalization in China.