农业用水非农化对农户粮食生产用水行为的影响基于山东省728份农户调查数据

INFLUENCE OF NON-AGRICULTURIZATION IN AGRICULTURAL WATER RESOURCES ON FARMERS’ WATER USE BEHAVIOR IN CROP PRODUCTION *——BASED ON THE SURVEY DATA OF 728 FARMERS IN SHANDONG PROVINCE

关键词:  农业用水非农化  农户  粮食用水  节水技术采用  山东省

Key words:  non-agriculturization in agricultural water resources  farmers  water for crop production  adoption of water saving technology  Shandong province

摘要:

目的 农户作为微观经营主体，其节水技术的采用将提高粮食生产用水效率，达到节约水资源与保证粮食生产的双重目的。通过分析农户粮食生产用水行为，探讨水资源短缺约束对农户粮食生产技术采用的诱致效应。方法 文章基于2019年对山东省728份农户的调查问卷数据，以农户行为理论为基础，综合运用统计分析、Logit模型等方法，对农业用水非农化约束下农户的粮食生产用水行为进行分析。结果 在农业用水非农化态势下，作为理性经济人的农户倾向于采用节水技术，以保证粮食生产。农户年龄、家庭农业劳动力人数、灌溉水源与灌溉方式对其节水技术的采用影响显著为负，农业年收入、小麦及玉米种植面积对农户节水技术的采纳行为影响显著为正。结论 规模化经营是大型节水设施应用的基本条件，应当加快农地流转，推进粮食生产规模化经营，提高粮食灌溉的规模化和标准化水平；同时加快建立科学合理的农业水价改革制度，促进农民节约农业用水，以此实现水资源利用效率提高与粮食生产能力稳定的双重目标。

Abstract:

In farm micromanagement, the adoption of water-saving technology can improve water usage efficiency of crop production, i.e., saving water resources while ensuring crop production. In this paper, we investigate how water shortage impacts the adoption of technologies on crop production. Under the constraints of non-agriculturization in agricultural water resources, we analyzed farmers' water usage behavior in crop production based on the survey data of 728 farmers in Shandong province conducted in 2019 and behavioral theory. We applied statistical analysis and Logit modelling in the study. The results showed that farmers were more likely to adopt water-saving technology to ensure crop production due to the trending of non-agriculturization in agricultural water resources, However, there were some other factors impacting the adoption of water-saving technology. In particular, the age of farmers, the number of agricultural labor force, irrigation water source and irrigation methods had significant negative effect on the adoption of water-saving technology, while the annual agricultural income and the planting area of wheat and corn had a significant positive effect. In summary, large scale operation is essential for utilizing large-scale water-saving facilities. Government should speed up agricultural land circulation, promote large-scale operations of crop production, and improve the scale and standardization level of irrigation; at the same time, establish a scientific and reasonable agricultural water price mechanism to encourage farmers to save agricultural water, in order to achieve the dual goals of improving the efficiency of water resource utilization and stabilizing the crop production capacity.