劳动力外流阻断多维相对贫困代际传递的效应研究基于中国家庭追踪调查数据

A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF LABOR OUTFLOW BLOCKING THE INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL RELATIVE POVERTYBASED ON CHINA FAMILY PANEL STUDIES

关键词:  劳动力外流  多维相对贫困  代际传递  人力资本  AlKire-Foster模型

Key words:  labor outflow  multidimensional relative poverty  intergenerational transmission  human capital  AlKire-Foster model

摘要:

目的 通过分析劳动力在外流过程中能否阻断相对贫困的代际传递，以及研究提升人力资本在此过程中的影响，为未来相对贫困的治理提供借鉴。方法 文章基于代际传递视角，运用中国家庭追踪调查微观数据，通过构建AlKire-Foster（A-F）模型，测度我国劳动力外流人口的多维相对贫困，在此基础上进一步构建Logit模型研究劳动力外流人口多维相对贫困的代际传递问题，最后采用列联表分析人力资本在此过程中的作用。结果 我国劳动力外流人口整体上不存在严重的极端多维相对贫困，并且多维相对贫困状况有所改善；劳动力外流人口在教育和生活水平维度存在严重且长期的相对贫困；劳动力外流人口的多维相对贫困存在代际传递问题，并且父亲的多维相对贫困状况对子代的影响明显高于母亲；西部地区存在极端多维相对贫困的代际传递问题，中部地区比东部地区多维相对贫困代际传递问题的程度更深；在劳动力外流的过程中提升人力资本存量能够有效阻断劳动力外流人口的多维相对贫困代际传递问题。结论 父代应以身作则，正向影响子代成长；提高政府专项扶贫中人力资本扶贫资金比重，完善地方政府关于未成年子女教育和健康考核体系；推进基本公共服务均等化，保障群众普遍受益。

Abstract:

To provide reference for the governance of relative poverty in the future, this paper analyzes whether the labor force can block the intergenerational transmission of relative poverty in the process of outflow, and studies the influence of promoting human capital in this process. From the perspective of intergenerational transmission, and based on the microscopic data of China's household tracking survey project, the AlKire-Foster model was constructed to measure the multidimensional relative poverty of China's labor outflow population. And the Logit model was constructed to study the intergenerational transmission of multidimensional relative poverty of the labor outflow population, and then the role of human capital in this process was analyzed with the help of contingency table. The results were listed as follows. There was no serious extreme multi-dimensional relative poverty among the migrant workers in China, and the improvements in the situation of multi-dimensional relative poverty had been seen. There was serious and long-term relative poverty in the matter of education and living standard of the labor force outflow population. And intergenerational transmission of multidimensional relative poverty was seen in labor migration population, and what's more, fathers had greater influence on their children in multidimensional relative poverty than mothers. There was an intergenerational transmission problem of extreme multidimensional relative poverty in the western region, and the intergenerational transmission problem of multidimensional relative poverty in the central region was more serious than that in the eastern region. If the stock of human capital in the process of labor outflow was been improved, the intergenerational transmission of multidimensional relative poverty of the labor outflow population can be effectively corrected. Therefore, parents should lead by example and have positive influence on the growth of their offspring. It's important for governments to increase the proportion of human capital.