流转地经营权稳定性对家庭农场耕地保护行为的影响——以增施有机肥及测土配方施肥为例

THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSFERRED LAND TENURE SECURITY ON FAMILY FARMS’ CULTIVATED LAND PROTECTION BEHAVIORS——TAKING THE APPLICATION OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND FORMULA FERTILIZATION AS EXAMPLES

关键词:  家庭农场  土地流转  地权稳定性  耕地质量  耕地保护行为

Key words:  family farms  transfer land  land tenure security  cultivated land quality  farmland protection practice

摘要:

目的 从法律、事实和感知3个维度阐释和表征流转地经营权稳定性，实证分析流转地经营权稳定性对家庭农场耕地保护行为的影响及影响的分样本异质性。方法 文章采用二元Proibt回归对山东省312家种植类家庭农场的微观样本进了行实证检验；为规避有机肥和测土配方施肥两类行为的替代互补效应，采用Mvprobit回归进行了模型稳健性检验。结果 （1）流转地经营权稳定性对家庭农场采纳耕地保护措施有积极影响，具体而言，增加正式合同签订备案率、减少流转地权能限制、提升流转地续约预期，均显著提高了家庭农场增施有机肥和测土配方施肥的概率。（2）流转地经营权稳定性对不同特征家庭农场的影响存在分化，更能激励规模较大、种植果蔬类作物和风险偏好程度较高家庭农场采纳耕地保护行为。（3）除地权稳定性变量外，农场纯收入、耕地质量、机械化适应度、“三品一标”认证和有机肥补贴对家庭农场采纳耕地保护措施亦产生显著影响。结论 为激励家庭农场开展耕地质量保护，应聚焦规范合同签订、保障权能完整和提升续约预期三方面政策，保证流转地经营权的稳定性。并且在激励家庭农场开展耕地保护实践时，要特别关注不同群体的响应分化。

Abstract:

The tenure security of transfer land is expounded and characterized from the perspectives of law, fact, and perception, and then an empirical analysis is conducted on the impact of the tenure security of transfer land on the farmland protection of the family farms, as well as the heterogeneity of impact on different samples. The binary Proibt regression method was used to conduct an empirical test on micro samples of 312 planting family farms in Shandong province, and Mvprobit regression was used to test the robustness of the model, so as to avoid the substitution and complementary effects of organic fertilizer and formula fertilization by soil testing. The results were showed as follows. (1) The tenure security of transfer land had a positive impact on the family farms' adoption of farmland protection measures. Concretely speaking, the increase in the filing rate of formal contract signing, the reduction in the restriction on the rights of circulation land, and the increase in the expected renewal of circulation land had significantly increased the probability of family farms applying organic fertilizers and formula fertilization by soil testing. (2) Since the tenure security of transfer land had different effects on family farms with different characteristics, it could further promote the adoption of farmland protection by family farms that were larger, grow fruit and vegetable crops, and had a higher risk appetite.(3) In addition to the stability variables of ownership of land, family farms' adoption of farmland protection measures were also significantly affected by the net income of farms, the farmland quality, mechanization adaptability, the certification of "three quality and one standard", and the organic fertilizer subsidies. In summary, aiming to encourage family farms to protect the quality of farmland, on the one hand, it is necessary to focus on the three aspects of standardizing contract signing, ensuring the integrity of powers and functions, and improving the expectation of contract renewal, so as to ensure the tenure security of transfer land. On the other hand, special attention should be paid to the differentiation of responses of different groups when promoting family farms to carry out farmland protection practice.