规模户与小农户差异视角的粮食生产生物农药采用研究——基于河南省688个粮农转换成本的分析

STUDY ON ADOPTION WILLINGNESS OF BIO-PESTICIDES FOR GRAIN FARMERS FROM A PERSPECTIVE OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LARGE-SCALE AND SMALL-SCALE——AN ANALYSIS ON THE SWITCHING COST OF 688 GRAIN FARMERS IN HENAN PROVINCE

关键词:  采用意愿  转换成本  生物农药  规模户  小农户

Key words:  adoption willingness  switching cost  bio-pesticides  large-scale farmers  small-scale farmers

摘要:

目的 粮农生物农药采用对粮食生产的品质安全与生态安全意义重大。从规模户与小农户差异视角，探讨不同经营规模粮农采用生物农药的意愿及转换成本对其的影响，为提高粮农生物农药采用率、提升国家粮食安全水平精准施策提供参考。方法 文章利用粮食主产区河南省688个粮食作物生产农户的调查数据，运用计划行为理论以及二元Logit 回归模型，探讨不同规模粮农生物农药采用意愿以及转换成本对其的影响。结果 粮农生物农药采用意愿总体较低，仅有39%的规模户和15%的小农户有意愿采用；转换成本显著制约了粮农的生物农药采用意愿；规模户生物农药采用意愿受信息成本、风险成本与财务支出的显著负向影响，小农户除此之外还受到学习成本、试验成本的显著负向影响。结论 重点面向规模户，推进粮食生产经营规模化、实施生物农药性能提升、施用推广、施用激励等计划，降低转换成本，增强粮农生物农药采用。

Abstract:

It is of great significance for the quality and ecological security of food production to adopt bio-pesticides instead of chemical pesticides for grain farmers. From the perspective of the difference between large-scale and small-scale farmers, this paper discussed the willingness of adoption bio-pesticides and the influence of switching cost on it in order to provide policy reference for improving the utilization rate of agricultural bio-pesticides and improving the national food security level. To do it, a survey data of 688 grain farmers was conducted in Henan province, one of main grain producing area, and the theory of planned behavior and Logit model were used. It was found that the willingness of bio-pesticides adoption was low generally, with 39% of large-scale households and 15% of small-scale households. The switching cost restricted significantly the willingness. The willingness of large-scale farmers was negatively affected by information cost, risk cost and financial expenditure. Besides, small-scale farmers were also negatively affected by learning cost and test cost. It is suggested for large-scale farmers that promoting the scale of grain production and operation, strengthening the research and production support of bio-pesticides, strengthening the publicity and promotion, and strengthening the incentive program are helpful to reducing the switching cost and enhancing the adoption of bio-pesticides by grain farmers.