作物种植专业化程度对农业生态效率的影响

THE IMPACT OF CROP SPECIALIZATION ON AGRICULTURAL ECO-EFFICIENCY

关键词:  作物种植专业化  作物种植多样化  农业生态效率  一般性农业技术  低碳型农业技术

Key words:  crop specialization  crop diversification  agricultural eco-efficiency  regular technology  low-carbon agriculture technology

摘要:

目的 从作物种植专业化程度视角考察农业种植结构变化对农业生态效率的影响以及农业技术的作用，为农业可持续发展提出可行的路径。方法 文章首先从理论上阐述了作物种植专业化和多样化对农业产值、农业污染和农业生态效率的影响以及农业技术在其中发挥的作用。并运用2004—2018年中国30个省（市、自治区，不含港澳台西藏）的面板数据，实证检验了作物种植专业化和多样化对农业产值、农业面源污染和农业碳排放以及农业生态效率的影响。结果 （1）作物种植专业化显著促进了农业产值增加、农业面源污染和农业碳排放减排和农业生态效率的提高，作物种植专业化水平每增加1个单位，农业产值将增加1.6%，农业面源污染和农业碳排放将减少0.001个单位，农业生态效率将提高0.009个单位；（2）作物种植多样化对农业面源污染和农业碳排放减排有显著的促进作用，但对农业产值和农业生态效率的提高有负面效应，作物种植多样化水平每增加1个单位，农业面源污染和农业碳排放将减少0.072个单位，农业生态效率将降低0.699个单位；（3）当一般性农业技术水平高的时候，作物种植专业化对农业产值有显著的正向影响；当低碳型农业技术水平高（大于临界值）的时候，作物种植专业化和多样化均有利于农业产值的增加和农业面源污染、农业碳排放的减排。结论 各区域在积极研发高产激励型农业技术的同时不能忽视低碳型农业技术的提高，并积极促进作物种植专业化水平的提高，适度降低作物种植多样化水平。

Abstract:

Based on the perspective of crop specialization, this paper investigated the effects of crop planting structure on Agricultural Eco-efficiency (AEE), which can be a feasible path to agriculture sustainability development. Firstly, this paper summarized the effects of crop specialization and crop diversification on agricultural output value, agricultural non-point source pollution and carbon emission and AEE as well as the moderation effects of regular technology and low-carbon technology theoretically, and used the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2018 to empirically examine the impacts. The results were showed as follows. (1) Crop specialization had positive effects on agricultural output value, agricultural non-point source pollution and carbon emission reduce and AEE. Holding all other things constant, a 1 increase of the crop specialization would lead to an increase in agricultural output value of 1.6%, a reduce in agricultural non-point source pollution and carbon emission of 0.001 unit, and an increase in AEE of 0.009 unit, respectively. (2) Crop diversification had a positive effect on agricultural non-point source pollution and carbon emission reduce, while it had negative effect on agricultural output value and AEE. When the crop diversification rises 1, agricultural non-point source pollution and carbon emission decreased 0.072 unit and AEE dropped 0.699 Unit. (3) At the high level of regular technology, increasing crop specialization benefited agricultural output value; with the low-carbon technology development, the increase of crop specialization and crop diversification was beneficial to the growth of agricultural output value and agricultural non-point source pollution and carbon emission reduce. Therefore, in order to promote the agriculture sustainability, it is necessary to develop high-yield incentive technology and low-carbon technology; on the other hand, it is advised to appropriately expand the scale of crop specialization and reduce the crop diversification.