洪湖渔民禁捕生态补偿标准及受偿意愿的影响因素探讨

DISCUSSION ON THE ECO-COMPENSATION CRITERIA AND THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF FISHERMEN’S WILLINGNESS TO ACCEPT*

关键词:  禁捕  生态补偿  受偿意愿  效用理论  洪湖

Key words:  fishing ban  eco-compensation  willingness to accept  utility theory  Honghu

摘要:

目的 禁捕是保护长江流域水生态环境和“共抓大保护、不搞大开发”的重要举措。渔民作为禁捕的受偿主体，如何给予合理补偿，激发其主动参与退捕的积极性，成为保证禁捕政策顺利实施的关键因素。方法 文章以效用理论为指导，依托实地调研数据，构建渔民受偿意愿的效用函数测定禁捕生态补偿标准，并通过Binary Logistic回归模型对渔民的受偿意愿进行分析，探讨洪湖禁捕生态补偿标准的合理性和影响渔民受偿意愿的关键因素。结果 （1）禁捕补偿标准测算结果显示，参数估计结果为4.09万元/年，非参数估计结果为3.56万元/年；（2）两种方法测算的补偿标准每年相差0.53万元，非参数估计法能够直接反映出渔民的最低补偿金额，但测算出的补偿标准往往偏高。在长江流域禁捕的整个时期内，可将两个补偿额度作为洪湖禁捕补偿标准的动态调整区间；（3）在对禁捕有经济补偿的前提下，89.8%受访渔民表示愿意退捕，渔民的退捕行为受到个人特征、家庭特征、生产特征、生态认知以及禁捕政策的共同作用。结论 渔民的生产特征和对禁捕政策的认知程度，是影响渔民受偿意愿的关键因素。年龄较大、身体健康状况差、生存和生计方式多样化、生态认知程度越高的渔民更愿意接受禁捕政策。

Abstract:

Fishing ban is an important measure to protect the water ecological environment and “to step up conservation of the Yangtze River and stop its over development”. As the subject of eco-compensation, how to give reasonable compensation and stimulate the enthusiasm of fishermen to participate in fishing ban has become the key factor to ensure the smooth implementation of the policy. Based on the utility theory and Binary Logistic regression model, this research analyzed the eco-compensation standard in Honghu banning fishing and the related factors of fishermen's willingness. The results were showed as follows. (1) The eco-compensation ratewas CNY40 900/year with the contingent valuation method (CVM) of WTA and it would be CNY35 600/year after a calibration with the equal utility function. (2) The difference of eco-compensation estimated by the two methods was CNY5 300/year. The nonparametric estimation method could directly reflect the minimum compensation amount of fishermen, but the estimated eco-compensation standard was usually high with the payment card of CVM. During the whole period of fishery in the Yangtze River Basin, the two eco-compensation standards could be regarded as the dynamic adjustment range standards in Honghu Lake. (3) On the premise of eco-compensation for fishing ban, 89.8% of the fishermen expressed willingness to accept the fishing ban policy, and the fishermen's withdrawal behavior was affected by the factors of demographics, family feature, livelihood pattern, ecological cognition and fishing withdrawal policy. The regression results show that the production characteristics of fishermen and the cognition degree of banning fishing policy have a significant impact on fishermen to withdrawal from fishing, which is the key factor affecting fishermen's withdrawal behavior. The older the fishermen are, the worse their health condition are, the more diversified their ways of livelihoods are, and the higher their ecological awareness is, the more willing they are to accept the policy.