农户绿色施肥行为的关联效应及影响因素研究——以陕北绿色农业建设先行区为例

STUDY ON THE CORRELATION EFFECTS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF GREEN FERTILIZATION BEHAVIOR OF FARMERS——TAKING THE LEADING AREA OF GREEN AGRICULTURE CONSTRUCTION IN NORTHERN SHAANXI AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  农户绿色施肥行为  关联效应  影响因素  苹果种植户  绿色农业建设先行区

Key words:  farmers' green fertilization behavior  correlation effect  influencing factors  apple growers  leading area of green agriculture construction

摘要:

目的 化肥长期过量低效利用导致农业面源污染、土壤板结、农产品品质下降等问题，严重威胁食品安全与生态安全，农户实施减量化、有机化、精准化的绿色施肥行为是解决上述问题的关键。方法 文章基于绿色农业建设先行区陕北宝塔区苹果种植户调查数据，采用Multivariate Probit模型实证分析农户绿色施肥行为的关联效应及其影响因素。结果 （1）农户测土配方施肥行为与化肥减量化行为、有机肥使用行为存在显著关联效应，农户化肥减量化行为与有机肥使用行为间关联效应不显著。（2）影响农户不同绿色施肥行为的因素具有异质性，农户化肥减量化行为主要受果园收入占比、社会技术培训、智能手机使用、政府技术支持、政策补贴的影响，农户有机肥使用行为主要受户主年龄、经营规模、果园收入占比、技术等级、合作社参与、智能手机使用、环境压力的影响，农户测土配方施肥行为主要受果园收入占比、政府技术支持、政策补贴的影响。结论 在绿色施肥推广普及过程中必须重视不同绿色施肥技术间的关联，优化绿色施肥技术推广机制，强化其互动互补功能；应依据绿色施肥行为影响因素的共性与异质性制定具体政策，推进农业由粗放化肥投入增长向高质量绿色发展转型。

Abstract:

The theory of metabolic rupture believes that under the influence of modernity, the regular material exchange between agricultural production and natural systems is destroyed. Long-term excessive and inefficient use of chemical fertilizers has caused problems such as agricultural non-point source pollution, soil compaction, and degradation of agricultural products, which seriously threaten food safety and ecological safety. The key to solving these problems is to adopt the reduced, organic and precise green fertilization technology for farmers. Based on the data of apple growers in Baota district of Northern Shaanxi province, and the Multivariate Probit model was used to study the correlation effects and influencing factors of green fertilization behavior of farmers. The results were listed as follows. (1) There was a significant correlation between farmers' soil testing and formulated fertilization behavior, fertilizer reduction behavior and organic fertilizer use behavior, but there was no significant correlation between farmers' fertilizer reduction behavior and organic fertilizer use behavior. (2) The factors influencing farmers' different green fertilization behavior were heterogeneous. Farmers' fertilizer reduction behavior was mainly affected by the proportion of orchard income, social technology training, smart phone use, government technical support and policy subsidies. Farmers' organic fertilizer use behavior was mainly affected by the age of the head of household, management scale, proportion of orchard income, technical level, cooperative participation, smart phone and resource pressure. Farmers' soil testing and formulated fertilization behavior was mainly affected by the proportion of orchard income, government technical support and policy subsidies. Based on this, in the process of promoting green fertilization, we must pay attention to the correlation of different green fertilization technologies, optimize the promotion mechanism of green fertilization technology, and strengthen its interactive complementary function. Specific policies should be formulated based on the commonality and heterogeneity of the influencing factors adopted by green fertilization technology promoting the transformation of agriculture from extensive chemical fertilizer investment to high-quality green development.