| 摘要: |
| 目的 在碳达峰、碳中和背景下，推进秸秆综合利用是农业温室气体减排的重要举措。日本秸秆综合利用水平稳居世界前列，其成功经验对中国秸秆利用具有重要的借鉴意义。方法 文章基于文献分析和专家咨询的方法，从秸秆还田、秸秆饲料化、秸秆乙醇、秸秆发电、秸秆收储运体系等5个维度，系统总结了日本秸秆综合利用的技术模式、政策法规等方面的经验。结果 日本建立了以秸秆还田利用为主，秸秆饲料化和能源化利用为辅的秸秆综合利用体系，推广了高效的秸秆还田技术，建立了完善的秸秆收储运体系，通过不断研发创新秸秆饲料、秸秆乙醇、秸秆发电等技术，同时出台一系列秸秆综合利用政策法规，在秸秆综合利用方面积累了大量的成熟技术与先进经验，将秸秆综合利用发展成具有战略价值的典型产业。结论 借鉴日本的经验，未来我国秸秆综合利用主要做好以下四个方面的工作：一是推动建立秸秆收储运体系，二是提高秸秆综合利用技术水平，三是加大秸秆利用政策支持，四是完善秸秆利用法规。 |
| 关键词: 秸秆 日本 秸秆利用 政策 经验借鉴 |
| DOI：10.7621/cjarrp.1005-9121.20220912 |
| 分类号:S-01 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目“农作物秸秆综合利用生态价值量估算方法研究”（41771569）；“北方地区秸秆沼气集中供气工程冬季保温能源边际报酬分析”（41301626） |
|
| LESSONS FROM JAPAN'S COMPREHENSIVE UTILIZATION OF CROP STRAW |
|
Xie Jie1, Shao Jingmiao1, Sun Ning1, Wang Hongyan2, Wang Yajing1, Bi Yuyun1, Gao Chunyu1
|
|
1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;2.Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
|
| Abstract: |
| In the context of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the research aims to promote the comprehensive utilization of straw as an essential element to reduce agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Globally, the comprehensive utilization of straw in Japan is progressively in the lead and its successful experience has important reference significance for straw utilization in China. Based on the methods of literature analysis and induction, this article summarized the experience of the technical model, policies and regulations of the comprehensive utilization of straw from the five dimensions of straw returning to the field, straw for feed, straw ethanol, straw power generation, including the straw collection, storage and transportation system. The results showed that Japan established a comprehensive straw utilization system in returning straw to the field, supplemented by off-field feed and energy utilization. And it promoted efficient straw return technology and established a complete straw collection, storage and transportation system. Through continuous research, Japan developed innovative technologies such as straw feed, straw ethanol, and straw power generation. In addition, Japan formulated a series of comprehensive straw utilization policies and regulations, and developed the comprehensive utilization of straw into a typical industry with strategic value. In conclude, we recommend the need for China to focus on four main aspects to improve the comprehensive utilization of straw in the future: Firstly, improving the straw collection, storage and transportation system. Secondly, improving the technical level of comprehensive utilization of straw. Thirdly, improving the straw utilization policy system, and finally improving the legal system of straw utilization. |
| Key words: crop straw Japan straw utilization policy experience for reference |
