农村一二三产业与劳动力融合的耦合关系——以江苏省为例

COUPLING ANALYSIS ON INTEGRATION OF THE PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY INDUSTRIES AND THEIR LABOR FORCES IN RURAL VILLAGES ——A CASE OF JIANGSU PROVINCE

关键词:  产业融合度  乡村劳动力融合度  耦合  弹性系数  江苏

Key words:  industrial integration degree  rural labor integration degree  coupling  elastic coefficient  Jiangsu province

摘要:

目的 农村“三产”融合是实现“产业兴旺”的重要抓手。解析产业与劳动力的耦合互动关系，能够清晰地认知区域产业结构演变规律，为农村产业布局提供规划依据。方法 文章构建了“三产”产业融合与乡村劳动力融合的定量测度模型，并展开了江苏省地级市耦合评价分析。结果 （1）苏北乡村地区农业生产仍是重点，涉农二产主要围绕农副食品加工产业链的延伸。苏南乡村地区二三产业涉农程度低，主要涉农二产为劳动密集型的轻纺工业。（2）一二产业融合与乡村劳动力融合的发展水平和空间格局决定了“三产”融合的总体水平和格局，一三产业融合指数总体较低且差异较小。（3）产业融合的高值区是以“宿迁”为核心的苏北地区，乡村劳动力融合的高值区则是以苏锡为核心的苏南地区。（4）江苏省“三产”产业融合与乡村劳动力融合错位分布，空间耦合性低。随着区域产业结构转型升级，两系统逐步走向解耦。结论 苏北地区应加强农业产业链和增收价值链的延伸，从而增强就业粘性；苏南地区可考虑生态农业、乡村旅游等新业态促进“三产”融合；地方政府应在区域产—劳耦合自组织基础上，通过政策、机制创新的他组织干预促进“三产”融合和产—劳协调。

Abstract:

Integration of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural villages is an important measure to achieve “industry booming”. Analysis on coupling interaction between industries and labor force will be helpful for getting a better understanding of evolution law of regional industrial structure, even more, guiding the layout planning of rural industries. This paper built a quantitative measurement model of both industry and labor force integration degree among the three industries and conducted coupling analysis and evaluation in of Jiangsu province on prefecture level. The results showed that the proportion of agricultural production was still the emphasis in countries of Northern Jiangsu, where agro-industries were composed of extension of agricultural and sideline food processing industry chains. The secondary industry and tertiary industry were less related with agriculture in countries of Southern Jiangsu, where main agro-industries were composed of labor-intensive textile industries. Development level and spatial distribution of two systems, which were both industrial and labor integration between primary industry and secondary industry, determined the overall level and spatial distribution of the integration among the three industries. There was little distinction on integration of the primary industry and tertiary industry. Area of high industrial integration degree spread over Northern Jiangsu with a core of Suqian city, while area of high labor integration degree spread over Southern Jiangsu with a core of Suzhou city and Wuxi city. The two systems presented a pattern of dislocation distribution and a bad coupling status, which was going to be uncoupled with the upgrading of industrial structure. In summary, agricultural industry chain and incremental value chain should be strengthened to increase employment stickiness in Northern Jiangsu area; New business, such as eco-agriculture and rural tourism, could be taken into consideration to promote integration of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in Southern Jiangsu area; based on self-organized regional industry-labor coupling, local government should intervene and promote integration of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries and industry-labor coordination through policy and mechanism innovation.