基于水—能—粮关联关系的粮食主产区农业种植结构优化研究——以吉林省为例

OPTIMIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL PLANTING STRUCTURE IN MAIN GRAIN PRODUCING AREAS BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVES OF WATER-ENERGY-FOOD NEXUSA CASE STUDY OF JILIN PROVINCE

关键词:  水—能—粮关联关系  粮食主产区  粮食安全  种植结构  吉林省

Key words:  water-energy-food nexus  main grain producing areas  food security  planting structure  Jilin province

摘要:

目的 通过调整农业种植结构，优化水资源、能源及土地资源配置，在生态优先绿色发展的要求下实现区域粮食生产目标。方法 文章选取吉林省为研究区域，采用水足迹模型和能耗核算模型解析主要农作物的耗水及耗能特点，并以区域的经济和生态效益为目标，构建以土地资源、水资源、能源、粮食安全、农业政策作为约束条件的多目标规划模型对种植结构进行优化。结果 （1）不同农作物的水足迹、能耗结构以及资源利用效率存在显著差异。（2）优化后的耕种总面积略有增加，玉米种植面积比例明显下降，小麦和烤烟种植面积比例基本稳定，其余作物种植面积比例均有不同程度的上升。（3）优化后各类效益均有明显提升，其中水足迹减少5.02%，能耗减少5.96%，生物质能增长26.14%，粮食产量增加5.27%，经济效益提高34.38%，生态效益提高18.69% 。结论 充分考虑农业种植中水、能源和粮食的关联关系以及内外部的多种约束条件，在保障各类作物的最低产量前提下，优先发展低耗水、低耗能、低污染、高收益的作物，提高资源利用效率的同时改善区域农业生产的经济收益和生态效益，实现区域农业的可持续发展。

Abstract:

Guided by ecological priority and green development, regional food production can achieve its goal by adjusting planting structure and optimizing use of water, energy, and farmland resources. This paper selected Jilin province as the study area, and used the water footprint model and the energy accounting model to analyze the water and energy consumption characteristics of main crops. Taking regional economic and ecological benefits as the objective, the paper constructed a multi-objective planning model for optimizing the planting structure of crops, subject to constraints of farmland resources, water resources, energy resources, food security, and agricultural policies. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in water footprint, energy consumption structure, and resource utilization efficiency among different main crops. (2) The optimized planting structure was characterized by a slightly increased total area of cultivation, a significantly decreased proportion of corn plantation, stable proportions of wheat and flue-cured tobacco remained stable, and increased proportions of varying degrees for other crops . (3) All kinds of benefits were significantly improved with the optimized planning structure, including water footprint reduced by 5.02%, energy consumption reduced by 5.96%, biomass energy increased by 26.14%, food production increased by 5.27%, economic benefits increased by 34.38%, and ecological benefits increased by 18.69%. In conclusion, agricultural planting should fully consider the relationship among water, energy, and food, as well as various internal and external constraints. With the premise of ensuring minimum production of various crops, priority should be given to crops with low water consumption, low energy consumption, low pollution, and high yield. This can not only improve the efficiency of resource utilization, but also increase the economic and ecological benefits of regional agricultural production, so as to achieve the sustainable development of regional agriculture.