环境规制对不同组织形式养殖户环境友好行为的影响研究基于肉鸭养殖户粪污资源化处理行为

RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ON THE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY BEHAVIOR OF FARMERS IN DIFFERENT ORGANIZATIONAL FORMSBASED ON MEAT DUCK MANURE RESOURCE TREATMENT BEHAVIOR OF FARMERS

关键词:  环境规制政策  组织形式  环境友好行为  肉鸭养殖户  粪污资源化处理

Key words:  environmental regulation policy  organizational form  environmentally friendly behavior  meat duck farmers  manure resource treatment

摘要:

目的 畜禽养殖粪污是农村环境污染治理的一大难题，国家颁布了一系列相关政策促进养殖粪污资源化处理，从而实现乡村振兴与生态文明建设。方法 文章基于肉鸭养殖生产大省养殖户粪污处理行为的调查数据，建立多元无序Logit模型分析环境规制下不同组织形式养殖户进行粪污资源化处理行为的影响因素及其异质性。结果 （1）相比“随意丢弃”，养殖户通过“直接还田”方式处理肉鸭养殖废弃物比通过“沼气发酵”方式处理更能显著受到环境规制的影响，而且不同环境规制对养殖户粪污处理方式影响程度不同；（2）环境规制通过组合型规制因素对肉鸭养殖户粪污资源化处理行为发挥约束作用，命令型规制、激励型规制、引导型规制都显著影响肉鸭养殖户将粪污“直接还田”的处理方式，而只有“引导型规制”对“沼气发酵”处理方式的养殖户有显著影响；（3）“激励型”与“引导型”环境规制对“紧密型”组织形式养殖户环境友好行为的影响较大，而“松散型”组织形式养殖户环境友好行为主要受到“命令型”环境规制的影响。结论 为促进养殖户积极主动进行粪污资源化处理，提高肉鸭养殖效率，地方政府应该更加注重引导型规制的职能发挥，通过技术推广和相关宣传与培训，提升养殖户环境友好行为认知，激励养殖户积极治理污染，实现肉鸭产业绿色发展。

Abstract:

Livestock and poultry manure is a major problem in the treatment of environmental pollution in rural areas. The state has promulgated a series of policies to promote the resource treatment of manure from farming, aiming to achieve rural revitalization and ecological civilization construction. Based on the survey data of the manure treatment behavior of farmers in the major provinces of meat duck farming, a multivariate and disorderly Logit model was established to analyze the influencing factors and heterogeneity of the manure resource treatment behavior of farmers in different organizational forms under environmental regulations. The results showed that compared with “discarding at will”, the method of “directly returning to the field” adopted by farmers to treat meat duck manure was more significantly affected by environmental regulations than the “biogas fermentation” method, and the degree of impact exerted on the manure treatment methods adopted by farmers varied with environmental regulations. Environmental regulations played a restrictive role in the famers' resource treatment of meat duck manure through combined regulatory factors. Commanding environmental regulations, incentive environmental regulations and guiding environmental regulations all significantly affected the method of “direct returning manure to the field” adopted by meat duck farmers. However, only “guided environmental regulations” had a significant impact on farmers who used “biogas fermentation” treatment method and "incentive" and "guiding" environmental regulations had a greater impact on the environmentally friendly behavior of farmers in the "tight" organizational form, while the environmentally friendly behavior of farmers in the "loose" organizational form was mainly affected by the "commanding" environmental regulations. So, in order to promote farmers to take the initiative in the treatment of manure resources and improve the efficiency of meat duck breeding, local governments should attach more importance to the function of guiding regulations by promoting relevant techniques and training to improve farmers' awareness of environmentally-friendly behavior, encourage farmers to actively control pollution and realize the green development of the meat duck industry.