乡村振兴战略背景下村民乡村聚落空间重构意愿的影响因素研究——基于9 169份调查问卷分析

STUDY ON THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF VILLAGER'S WILLINGNESS TO SPATIALLY RECONFIGURE RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF RURAL REVITALIZATION STRATEGY——BASED ON ANALYSIS OF 9 169 QUESTIONNAIRES

关键词:  乡村振兴战略  现状满意度  乡村聚落空间  重构意愿  空间布局

Key words:  rural revitalization strategy  status satisfaction  rural settlement spatial  reconstruction willingness  spatial distribution

摘要:

目的 乡村聚落空间重构是乡村振兴战略背景下乡村分类推进的必然结果，是助力乡村转型发展的有力举措。方法 文章基于S省M市1 086个村庄9 169份村民调查问卷数据，运用多元Logistic模型对村民的乡村聚落空间重构意愿进行了深入分析。结果 （1）研究区村民对村庄现状满意度总体表现为“满意”，治理有效、生态宜居和产业兴旺满意度较高，而生活富裕和乡风文明的满意度相对较低；（2）村民内调型聚落空间重构意愿>外迁型聚落空间重构意愿>不进行空间重构的意愿，其中内调型聚落空间重构是乡村振兴分类发展的重点方向；（3）男性村民外迁型空间重构意愿更强，村民年龄越大则内调型空间重构意愿越明显，学历越高则外迁型空间重构意愿越强烈，而家庭经济收入来源为务农的农户更倾向内调型空间重构；（4）提升“产业兴旺”满意度会显著提高村民内调型空间重构意愿，提高“生态宜居”满意度会显著降低村民的空间重构意愿，这是乡村聚落空间重构的两个重要影响因素。结论 乡村聚落空间重构要充分尊重村民意愿，避免一刀切的政策安排、一种模式的重构标准和一次性的重构设计。

Abstract:

The spatial reconstruction of rural settlements is the inevitable result of the promotion of rural classification under the background of the rural revitalization strategy, and is a powerful measure to help rural transformation and development. Based on 9 169 villagers' questionnaire data from 1 086 villages in M city of S province, the article conducted an in-depth analysis of villagers' willingness to reconfigure village settlement space by using a multivariate logistic model. The results were listed as follows. (1) Villagers' satisfaction with the current situation in the study area was generally "satisfied", in which the satisfaction of effective governance, ecological livable and industrial prosperity was relatively high, while the satisfaction of affluence and civilized countryside was relatively low. (2) Villagers' willingness to reconstruct the space of internal adjustment-type settlements>willingness to reconstruct the space of out-migration-type settlements>would not to carry out spatial reconstruction, among which the spatial reconstruction of internal-adjustment-type settlements was the key object of the classified development of rural revitalization. (3) Male villagers had a stronger willingness to reconfigure out-migration-type space. The older the villagers were, the more obvious the willingness to reconstruct the interior-adjusted space. The higher the degree of education, the stronger the willingness to reconstruct the out-migration space. However, farmers whose family economic income source was farming were more inclined to internal adjustment-type spatial reconstruction. (4) Improving the satisfaction of "industrial prosperity" would significantly increase villagers' willingness to spatially reconstruction, improving the satisfaction of "ecological livability" would significantly reduce villagers' willingness to spatially reconstruction, these were two important factors influencing the spatial reconstruction of rural settlements. It concludes that the spatial reconstruction of rural settlements should fully respect the villagers' wishes, and avoid one-size-fits-all policy arrangements, one-model reconstruction standards and one-off reconstruction designs.