中国沙棘产业时空集聚特征及演化分析——基于企查查平台沙棘企业数据

SPATIAL-TEMPORAL AGGLOMERATION CHARACTERISTICS AND EVOLUTION ANALYSIS OF SEA-BUCKTHORN INDUSTRY IN CHINA——BASED ON THE DATA OF SEABUCKTHORN FIRMS

关键词:  沙棘企业  ArcGIS  时空集聚  空间演化  区域分工

Key words:  sea-buckthorn enterprises  ArcGIS  spatial and temporal agglomeration  space evolution  regional division of labor

摘要:

目的 分析我国沙棘产业发展现状及空间集聚特征，探索沙棘产业的时空演化规律，以期为我国沙棘产业空间布局的合理优化、产业结构的进一步升级提供科学依据。方法 文章基于1988—2020年企查查平台沙棘企业数据，运用ArcGIS空间分析方法，从沙棘企业空间分布范围、空间集聚程度、企业经营内容等方面，对沙棘产业时空集聚特征及布局演变趋势进行了分析。结果 （1）1988年以来我国沙棘企业数量持续增加，但2008年以来增速明显提升，2018年涨幅最大；（2）对2010—2020年沙棘企业进行全局自相关与局部自相关分析，结果表明，我国沙棘企业具有显著集聚特征，空间集聚程度在11年内不断加强，形成了疆北、青甘、陕晋蒙、东北蒙东四大集聚单元；（3）我国沙棘企业现有经营内容以原料种植、初级加工和沙棘销售为主，产、研、销区域分工明显，一体化水平较低，沙棘科技研发与精深加工整体较弱。结论 我国沙棘产业集聚优势显著，但也存在空间分布不均、产加销布局分散、精深加工与科技研发能力弱的问题。

Abstract:

This research is intended to scientifically analyze the current development of sea-buckthorn industry and its spatial agglomeration characteristics, and explore the spatial and temporal evolution law of sea-buckthorn industry, so as to provide a scientific basis for the rational optimization of sea-buckthorn industry spatial layout and the industrial structure further upgrading in China. Based on the statistical data of sea-buckthorn enterprises issued by Qichacha website from1988 to 2020, this study adopted the ArcGIS spatial analysis method to analyze the spatial agglomeration characteristics and its layout evolution trend of sea-buckthorn industry from the aspects of spatial distribution range, spatial agglomeration degree, and management of sea-buckthorn enterprises. The results were listed as follows. (1) The number of sea-buckthorn enterprises in China had been increasing since 1988, and reached its peak in 2018. (2) From 2010 to 2020, four industrial clusters had been shaping, which were Northern Xinjiang, Qinghai-Gansu, Shaanxi-Shanxi- Mongolia, and Northeastern Mongolia. (3) The current business content of sea-buckthorn enterprises in China was mainly sea-buckthorn planting, primary processing and sales. Among those enterprises, there were obvious regional division of labor, while the whole production chains were less integrated. In summary, the four industrial clusters are the regions with comparative advantages and potentials for sea-buckthorn production. However, more efforts are needed on improving scientific and technological research, optimizing structures of the four clusters, promoting deep-processed products, etc.