农户参与湿地保护对家庭减贫的影响及作用机制——基于自然保护区问卷调查的实证研究

INFLUENCE AND MECHANISM OF PARTICIPATION IN WETLAND CONSERVATION ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION——AN EMPIRICAL STUDY BASED ON THE SURVEY OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN NATURE RESERVES

关键词:  农户参与  退耕还湿  多维贫困  A-F法  中介效应

Key words:  rural households participation  wetland restoration  multidimensional poverty  A-F method  mediating effect

摘要:

目的 试图从微观层面农户参与视角分析保护区建立对多维贫困的影响，以期为我国类似地区改进扶贫政策、创新农户生计策略选择提供实证支撑。方法 文章以云南省大山包黑颈鹤自然保护区为例，基于2019年收集的364份有效问卷，构建“农户参与—生计策略—家庭贫困”的理论分析框架，采用二项Logit模型和中介效应模型分析了农户参与湿地保护对减贫的影响及作用机制。结果 （1）受访农户贫困发生率超过75%，非参与农户贫困发生率比参与农户高约29%。（2）收入偏低、脆弱性大，信息闭塞，难以获得金融支持是关键致贫因素。（3）农户参与湿地保护显著利于多维减贫，并对收入、生活质量、就业及发展单维度减贫具有显著影响。（4）生计策略多样化和非农化对减贫具有显著中介效应，占总效应的比例分别为24.48%和17.26%。结论 建议提供多样化生计模式，对参与和非参与农户精准施策，完善保障机制，提高生计能力。

Abstract:

This paper attemptes to analyze the impact of the establishment of nature reserves on multidimensional poverty from the perspective of farmers' participation, in order to provide empirical support for improving poverty alleviation policies and innovating farmers' livelihood strategies selection in similar areas in China. This study investigated 364 rural households in 2019 in Dashanbao Black-necked Crane National Nature Reserve of Yunnan Province, constructed an analytical framework of Participation-Livelihood Strategies-Poverty, and analyzed the impact and its mechanism of participating in wetland restoration on poverty through a Logit model and a mediating effect model. It found that the multidimensional poverty rate of interviewed households was more than 75%, and the rate of non-participation farmers was 29% higher than that of farmers participate in wetland restoration. Low income and high vulnerability, information block, and difficult to obtain financial support were the key factors leading to poverty. The results also revealed that households participate in wetland restoration was significantly benefit to poverty reduction and had a significant positive impact on the single dimension of income, quality of life, employment and development. In addition, the diversification and non-agriculturalization of livelihood strategies had significant mediating effects in the relationship between farmers' participation and poverty alleviation, and the mediating effect accounted for about 24.48% and 17.26% in the total effect, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that local governments should provide diversified livelihood opportunities, implement precise policies for participation and non-participation farmers, as well as improve social guarantee system and their livelihood abilities.