北京远郊区乡村旅游效率评价及影响因素研究

STUDY ON RURAL TOURISM IN THE OUTER SUBURBAN AREAS OF BEIJING: EFFICIENCY EVALUATION AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS

关键词:  北京远郊区  DEA-Malmquist指数模型  效率评价  乡村旅游  Tobit模型

Key words:  the outer suburban areas of Beijing  DEA-Malmquist index model  efficiency evaluation  rural tourism  Tobit model

摘要:

目的 以北京远郊区乡村旅游为研究对象，对乡村旅游效率进行评价，分析影响乡村旅游综合效率的因素及影响程度，为推动北京远郊区乡村旅游可持续发展提供建议。方法 文章基于2006—2019年北京市怀柔、平谷、密云、延庆4个远郊区的统计数据，运用DEA-Malmquist指数模型对北京远郊区乡村旅游效率进行综合评价，并进一步运用Tobit模型分析了北京远郊区乡村旅游综合效率的影响因素。结果 （1）北京远郊区乡村旅游综合效率均值为0.950，处于较高水平，其中平谷区乡村旅游综合效率DEA有效；（2）北京远郊区乡村旅游效率的Malmquist指数变化受技术进步变化影响更大，2006—2019年呈现出先增长、再下降的变化趋势；农林水事务支出、观光园与民俗旅游从业人员、人均GDP、农业观光园个数等影响因素均对北京远郊区乡村旅游综合效率具有正向影响，且影响程度人均GDP、农林水事务支出分列前两位。结论 加快乡村旅游资源整合、持续加大财政支农的投资力度、强化从业人员教育与培训，能够有效地提高北京远郊区乡村旅游效率。

Abstract:

This paper takes the rural tourism in the outer suburban areas of Beijing as the research object, evaluates the efficiency of the rural tourism, and analyzes the factors that affect the comprehensive efficiency of the rural tourism, and the purpose of this study is to provide appropriate suggestions for the sustainable development of the rural tourism in the outer suburban districts of Beijing. Based on the statistical data of four outer suburban areas in Beijing, such as Huairou, Pinggu, Miyun, and Yanqing from 2006 to 2019, it applied two different models to figure out the influencing factors on the comprehensive efficiency of rural tourism in the outer suburban areas of Beijing respectively. And the DEA-Malmquist index model was employed to make a comprehensive evaluation of the rural tourism efficiency, while the Tobit model was further used to analyze the factors that affected the comprehensive efficiency of the rural tourism in Beijing's outer suburban districts. The results showed that: (1) The mean value of the comprehensive efficiency of the rural tourism in the outer suburban areas in Beijing was 0.950, which was at a high level, and among the statistical data of these four outer suburban districts in Beijing, the DEA of the comprehensive efficiency of the rural tourism in Pinggu District was effective; (2) The changes in the Malmquist index of the rural tourism efficiency in Beijing's outer suburban districts were more affected by the change of technological advances, showing a trend of growth first and then declined during the period 2006-2019; the influencing factors that the expenditures on agriculture, forestry, and water conservancy, the practitioners in sightseeing parks and folk tourism, the per capita GDP, as well as the number of agritourism sightseeing parks all had a positive impact on the comprehensive efficiency of the rural tourism in the outer suburban areas of Beijing, and in terms of the degree of influence, the per capita GDP and the expenditures on agriculture, forestry, and water conservancy rank the top two respectively. Therefore, it proposes that accelerating the integration of the rural tourism resources, continuously increasing the investment of fiscal support for agriculture, and strengthening the education and the training of practitioners could contribute effective paths on the improvement of the comprehensive efficiency of rural tourism in the outer suburban areas in Beijing.