京郊乡村旅游地空间分布演化及其影响因素的地理探测

GEOGRAPHIC DETECTOR OF SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION EVOLUTION AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS OF RURAL TOURISM DESTINATION IN SUBURBS OF BEIJING

关键词:  北京郊区  乡村旅游地  空间分布演化  影响因素  地理探测器

Key words:  Beijing suburbs  rural tourism destination  the evolution of spatial pattern  influencing factors  Geo-detector

摘要:

目的 探索京郊乡村旅游地空间分布的动态演化特征，明晰其影响因素，以期能为京郊乡村旅游地空间结构的优化，促进京郊乡村旅游的健康发展提供科学依据。方法 文章以京郊乡村旅游特色业态和乡村民俗旅游村为研究对象，使用计量地理学模型和ArcGIS 10.2空间分析软件，从空间分布范围、分布集中程度、分布均衡程度、密度分布特征等方面对2010—2020年京郊乡村旅游地的空间分布演化过程进行研究。其次，借助地理探测器从自然环境因素、经济产业因素和社会政治因素等3个一级影响因素，海拔高度、河流水系、气候舒适度等15个二级影响因素对京郊乡村旅游地空间分布的影响因素进行分析。结果 （1）京郊乡村旅游地的重心变化较为稳定，均位于昌平区范围内。标准差椭圆的形态变化幅度不大，椭圆方位基本呈现“东北—西南”方向分布，长轴呈“减小—增大”的过程，短轴变化平稳。（2）京郊乡村旅游地在京郊各区内部的空间分布呈显著的集聚分布、不均衡分布特征。（3）京郊乡村旅游地的高密度分布区数量逐年增多并呈连片拓展，逐渐形成以昌平、怀柔为双高密度核心区，密云、延庆、大兴多个高密度连片区并存的空间格局。（4）海拔高度、旅游收入、A级旅游景区数量、地区生产总值和交通通达度是影响京郊乡村旅游地空间分布的主要影响因素；任意两个影响因素交互作用后对京郊乡村旅游地空间分布的影响作用能力均强于单个因素的作用。总体来看，自然环境因素的影响作用能力逐渐上升，居第三位；社会政治因素的影响能力呈波动下降，居第二位；经济产业因素的影响能力逐渐下降，但仍居第一位。结论 京郊乡村旅游地的空间分布演化呈集聚分布、不均衡分布特征，受到自然环境因素、社会政治因素和经济产业因素的综合影响；研究结果可为优化京郊乡村旅游地空间布局提供科学依据，为合理评估和指导京郊乡村旅游发展提供有力支撑。

Abstract:

This paper is intends to explore the dynamic evolution characteristics of rural tourism destinations' spatial distribution in the suburbs of Beijing, clarify its influencing factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for the optimization of the spatial structure in rural tourism destinations, and promote the better development of rural tourism in the suburbs of Beijing. This paper took the featured business of rural tourism and rural folk customs villages in the suburbs of Beijing as the research object, adopted the econometric geography model and spatial analysis software ArcGIS 10.2, to study the spatial distribution evolution process of rural tourism destinations in the suburbs of Beijing from 2010 to 2020 in terms of the spatial distribution range, distribution concentration degree, distribution equilibrium degree, and density distribution characteristics. And with the aids of Geo-detectors, it analyzed the influencing factors of the spatial distribution of rural tourism destinations in Beijing suburbs from three primary influencing factors, i.e., natural environmental factors, economic and industrial factors, and social and political factors, and 15 secondary influencing factors, i.e., altitude, river system, climate comfort, etc.). The results were showed as follows. (1) The center change of rural tourism destinations in Beijing suburbs was relatively stable, and they were all located within the Changping district. The shape of the standard deviation ellipse changed little, and the orientation of the ellipse was basically distributed in the direction of "northeast-southwest", the long axis displayed as a "decreasing-increasing" process, and the short axis changed smoothly. (2) The spatial distribution of rural tourism destinations showed significant agglomeration and unbalanced distribution in Beijing suburbs. (3) The number of high-density distribution areas of rural tourism destinations had increased year by year and expanded continuously in the suburbs of Beijing. It gradually had formed a spatial pattern with Changping and Huairou as double high-density core areas, and Miyun, Yanqing and Daxing multiple high-density contiguous areas coexisting. (4) In the suburbs of Beijing, the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of rural tourism destinations were altitude, tourism income, the number of class a scenic spots, regional GDP, and traffic accessibility. In general, the influence ability of natural environmental factors gradually rose, ranking the third; the influence ability of social and political factors fluctuated and decreased, ranking the second; the influence ability of economic and industrial factors had gradually declined, but it still ranked first. The research conclusions are listed as follows. in the suburbs of Beijing, the spatial distribution evolution of rural tourism destinations is characterized by agglomeration distribution and uneven distribution, which is comprehensively affected by natural environmental factors, social and political factors, as well as economic and industrial factors; It is believed that the results would provide scientific basis for optimizing the spatial layout of rural tourism destinations in the suburbs of Beijing, and strongly support the rational evaluation and guidance of rural tourism development in the suburbs of Beijing.