中国非洲猪瘟疫情防控政策及优化策略分析

ANALYSIS OF AFRICAN SWINE FEVER CONTROL POLICIES AND OPTIMIZATION STRATEGIES IN CHINA

关键词:  生猪  非洲猪瘟  防控政策  问题  对策建议

Key words:  livestock products  African swine fever  prevention and control policy  problems  countermeasures and suggestions

摘要:

目的 非洲猪瘟疫情致使生猪生产严重下滑和市场剧烈波动，国家应对疫情出台系列防控政策，猪瘟疫情得到有效控制，但是目前鲜有研究介绍非洲猪瘟控制的政策措施，文章研究非洲猪瘟疫情防控政策及分析优化策略，对于确保生猪产业平稳有序发展、更好防控动物疫情具有重要现实意义。方法 系统梳理非洲猪瘟疫情防控政策及演变历程，发掘政策实施面临的突出问题，研提政策调整优化思路。结果 非洲猪瘟疫情历经初发期、蔓延期、高发期和稳定期，不同时期政策目标分别为加强生猪移动监管、加大疫情防控力度、完善疫情防控政策和加快生猪产能恢复。非洲猪瘟疫情防控面临申报检疫环节养殖主体配合度不高阻碍防疫政策有效开展，调运环节多部门参与、跨区域调运使检疫监督存在漏洞，防疫环节基层防疫队伍不健全，复产增养环节基层落实困难等突出问题。结论 建议进一步合理优化政策内容，有效落实国家防控计划；强化全产业链疫情监测，健全生猪市场预警机制；完善基层防疫队伍，加强基层防疫体系建设；完善财政激励政策，夯实生猪供给安全保障基础。

Abstract:

African Swine Fever (ASF) caused a serious decline in livestock production and dramatic market fluctuations. The country has responded to the epidemic with a series of prevention and control policies, which have effectively controlled the ASF epidemic, however, there are few articles on the policy measures for the control of ASF. This research studies ASF prevention and control policies and analyzes optimization strategies, which are of great practical significance to ensure the smooth and orderly development of the livestock industry and better prevention and control of animal epidemics. It systematically reviewed the ASF prevention and control policy and its evolution, as well as explored the outstanding problems faced by the policy implementation and suggests ideas for policy adjustment and optimization. The results were listed as follows. The African Swine Fever had been through the incipient, spreading, high and stable periods, and the policy objectives in different periods were to strengthen the supervision of pig movement, increase the prevention and control of the epidemic, improve the epidemic prevention and control policies, and accelerate the recovery of pig production. ASF prevention and control faced with many outstanding problems, such as the declaration of quarantine link breeding body with a low degree of cooperation to hinder the effective implementation of the epidemic prevention policy, multi-sectoral participation in transfer link, cross-regional transportation made the quarantine supervision loopholes, epidemic prevention link grassroots epidemic prevention team was not sound, the resumption of increased production link grassroots implementation difficulties and other issues.Therefore, it is recommended to further rationalize and optimize the policy content, effectively implement the national prevention and control plan; strengthen the whole industry chain epidemic monitoring, improve the early warning mechanism of live pig market; improve the grassroots epidemic prevention team, strengthen the construction of grassroots epidemic prevention system; improve the financial incentive policy, and solidify the foundation of the security of livestock supply.