农业水价形成机制的建构与检验以四川武引灌区为例

CONSTITUTION AND TEST OF AGRICULTURAL WATER PRICE FORMATION MECHANISMTAKING WUYIN IRRIGATION AREA IN SICHUAN AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  农业水价  形成机制  学理建构  实证检验  影响因素

Key words:  agricultural water price  formation mechanism  theoretical construction  empirical test  influencing factors

摘要:

目的 以四川武引灌区为案例，实证检验农业水价现实运行情况与农业水价形成机制的契合程度，探讨优化农业水价形成机制的基本方向。方法 文章从市场和政府两个维度分析农业水价影响因素，建构“成本导向、支付可行”的农业水价形成机制，科学测定农业水价的弹性区间。结果 市场作用下，供给维度要以供水工程成本为基准，需求维度在用水户承载力支付能力区间较为合理；由于农业用水具有正外部性以及农业供水的垄断性，政府应为农业用水构建合理的价格机制。农业水价构成应以平均运行可变成本为最低参考标准，也可实行全成本农业水价，以此符合“成本导向”。“支付可行”表现为实际支付能力和心理支付意愿，农业水价既要考虑农业生产中投入产出情况，判断用水户实际支付能力，又要研究其心理支付意愿，分析现实情况和心理参照点的差别情况。结论 农业水价形成机制的学理建构与现实运行具有内在逻辑一致性，优化农业水价形成机制重点包括两个方面，即优化“成本导向”形成机制，科学建立灌区成本核算体系，完善农业用水价格制定准则，确立农业用水计收方式。优化“支付可行”形成机制，积极促进用水户增收，提高水价实际支付能力，强化宣传提高用水户心里支付意愿及加强农业用水需求管理。

Abstract:

Taking Wuyin Irrigation District in Sichuan as an example, this paper empirically tests the degree of agreement between the actual operation of agricultural water price and the formation mechanism of agricultural water price, and discusses the basic direction of optimizing the formation mechanism of agricultural water price. This study analyzed the influencing factors of agricultural water prices from the two dimensions of the market and the government, constructed a "cost-oriented and feasible payment" agricultural water price formation mechanism, and scientifically determined the elastic range of agricultural water prices. Under the influence of the market, the supply dimension should be based on the cost of water supply projects, and the demand dimension was more reasonable within the range of water users' carrying capacity to pay; due to the positive externalities of agricultural water and the monopoly of agricultural water supply, the government should build a reasonable price for agricultural water. The composition of agricultural water price should be based on the average operating variable cost as the minimum reference standard, and full-cost agricultural water price could also be implemented to meet the "cost orientation". "Payable" was manifested in the actual ability to pay and the psychological willingness to pay. Agricultural water prices should not only consider the input and output in agricultural production, judge the actual paying ability of water users, but also study their psychological willingness to pay, analyze the difference situation between actual situation and psychological reference point. In summary, the theoretical construction of the agricultural water price formation mechanism has an inherent logical consistency with the actual operation. The optimization of the agricultural water price formation mechanism includes two aspects, namely, optimizing the "cost-oriented" formation mechanism, scientifically establishing the cost accounting system for irrigation areas, and improving the agricultural water price formulation guidelines to establish the method of calculating and collecting agricultural water. And it should optimize the formation mechanism of "feasible payment", actively promote the increase of water users' income, improve the actual payment ability of water prices, strengthen publicity and increase the willingness of water users to pay, and strengthen the management of agricultural water demand.