山西省农业生态效率县域差异及影响因素分析

ANALYSIS OF COUNTY DIFFERENCES AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF AGRICULTURAL ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY IN SHANXI PROVINCE

关键词:  农业生态效率测算  县域差异  时空格局  影响因素  山西省

Key words:  agro-ecological efficiency measurement  county differences  temporal and spatial pattern  influencing factors  Shanxi province

摘要:

目的 研究山西省农业生态效率的县域差异及其影响因素分析。方法 文章以山西省各县（市、区）为研究对象，引入超效率分析法，构建SSBM-ESDA模型，评估山西省各地农业生态效率；同时选择Tobit 模型，分析其主要的影响因素。结果 2011—2020年山西省农业生态效率值基本处于0.3~0.5，整体处于较低水平。107个县（市、区）中，优秀等级17个，均值为1.412；良好等级4个，均值为0.911；中等等级20个，均值为0.677；较低等级38个，均值为0.479；低等级28个，均值为0.349。县域农业生态效率等级以较低和低为主，总占比达61.68%。农业生态效率较好的县（市、区）集中分布在西部省际沿线区域，形成以“忻州—太原—吕梁”为重心的西部高效率区。2015—2020年全省农业生态效率略有提升，并在空间上进一步加强了“忻州—太原—吕梁”的西部高效格局，但整体水平仍较低。人均农业增加值、农业规模化水平对农业生态效率有正向影响；农业受灾率、机械化密度、农村家庭经营收入、工业化水平对其有负面影响。结论 现阶段山西省农业生态效率整体水平偏低，县域发展水平差异明显，西部沿省际线地区明显优于其他地区。在提高农业生态效率方面，山西省今后宜采取西部引领，带动和辐射其他地区，加强和完善农业灌溉设施，以绿色发展为理念，改革和优化财政支农结构和扶持对象等。

Abstract:

This research aims to study the county differences and influencing factors of farming agricultural ecological efficiency in Shanxi province. Taking the research objects of the counties (cities, or districts) in Shanxi province, the super-efficiency analysis method was introduced, and the SSBM-ESDA model was constructed to measure the agro-ecological efficiency of the counties in Shanxi province. Then the panel Tobit model was used to analyze its main influencing factors. The results were indicated as follow. From 2011 to 2020, the value of agricultural ecological efficiency in Shanxi province was basically between 0.3 and 05, and the overall value was at a low level. Among the 107 counties (cities, or districts), 17 were excellent grades, with an average value of 1.412, 4 were good grades, with an average value of 0.911, 20 were medium grades, with an average value of 0.677, 38 were lower grades, with an average value of 0.479, and 28 were low grades, with a mean of 0.349. The county-level agricultural ecological efficiency grades were mainly low and lowest, accounting for 61.68% of the total. The counties (cities, or districts) with better agricultural ecological efficiency were concentrated in the western inter-provincial area, forming the "Xinzhou-Taiyuan-Lvliang" western high-efficiency pattern, but the overall level was still low. From 2015 to 2020, the agricultural ecological efficiency of the whole province improved slightly, and further strengthened the western efficient pattern of "Xinzhou-Taiyuan-Luliang" in space,but the overall level was still at a low level. The analysis of the influencing factors showed that the per capita agricultural added value and the level of agricultural scale had a positive impact on the agricultural ecological efficiency, and the agricultural disaster rate, agricultural machinery density, farmers' household operating income ratio and the level of industrialization had a negative impact on the agricultural ecological efficiency. In summary, at this stage, the overall level of agricultural ecological efficiency in Shanxi province is relatively low, and the difference in development level between counties is obvious. The western regions along the provincial line are obviously better than other regions. In terms of improving agricultural ecological efficiency, Shanxi province should take the lead in the west, drive and radiate other regions, strengthen and improve agricultural irrigation facilities, and reform and optimize the financial support structure and support objects with the concept of green development.