生态系统服务与农户生计的时空耦合关系研究——以里下河地区为例

STUDY ON SPATIO-TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COUPLING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND FARMERS’ LIVELIHOOD——A CASE STUDY OF LI-XIA-RIVER REGION

关键词:  生态系统服务  农户生计  耦合协调  时空演化  里下河地区

Key words:  ecosystem services  household livelihood  coupling coordination degree  spatio-temporal evolution  Li-Xia-River region

摘要:

目的 处理好生态保护与生产发展之间的关系是实现区域高质量发展的内在要求，对于生态敏感性较强的地区而言尤其如此。方法 文章选取生态易损且位于传统农区的里下河水网地区为例，借助2000—2020年里下河地区的土地利用遥感数据和农户生计相关统计数据，并综合运用生态系统服务价值评估、农户生计综合评价指数和耦合协调度模型等方法，对里下河地区生态系统服务价值、农户生计的时空特征及二者的耦合协调关系进行系统研究。结果 （1）2000—2020年里下河地区生态系统服务价值呈现“先升后降”的演化特征，空间上表现出“中间高南北低，市辖区低值集中”的分异格局。（2）农户生计水平不断提高且随着时间推移农户生计指数由西北向东南逐渐升高的趋势逐渐凸显，金融资本、人力资本和社会资本是里下河地区农户生活质量提升的主要制约因素。（3）生态系统服务与农户生计耦合度呈“先升后降”的波动变化趋势，极度耦合县域占比最高；二者耦合协调发展状态持续优化，勉强协调类向协调发展类转变以及濒临衰退类向勉强协调类转变是耦合协调度最主要的演化方向。耦合协调度高值区主要集中在中部，并表现出随时间推移向南北两侧辐射扩散的趋势。结论 里下河地区农户生计水平持续提升的同时，生态系统服务价值波动下降，二者的协同发展态势总体向好但空间差异显著。依据耦合协调状态分类施策，是实现该地区高质量发展的必然要求。

Abstract:

Balancing the relationship between ecological protection and economic development is the key to improving the quality of regional development, especially for regions with strong ecological sensitivity. The Li-Xia-River Region of Jiangsu province, which is ecologically vulnerable and located in the traditional agricultural area, is one of the areas with sharp human-land conflict in China. Based on the analysis of the spatio-temporal pattern of ecosystem service value and farmers' livelihood in Li-Xia-River Region, the study analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the coupling coordination between them. The results showed that :(1) From 2000 to 2020, the ecosystem service value in Li-Xia-River Region showed the characteristics of fluctuation, with a spatial pattern of "high in the middle and low in the north and south, while low values concentrated in municipal districts". (2) The farmers' livelihood was constantly improving and the livelihood level of farmers was gradually increasing from northwest to southeast with the passage of time. Financial capital, human capital and social capital were the main constraints for the improvement of farmers' livelihood. (3) The coupling degree between ecosystem service value and farmers' livelihoods showed a fluctuating trend of "first rising and then declining" while the coupling coordination continuously optimized. The most important evolutionary direction of coupling coordination degree was the transition from barely coordinated category to coordinated development category and the approaching from impending recession category to barely coordinated category. In summary, the high value area of coupling coordination is mainly concentrated in the middle, and shows a radiative diffusion trend to the north and south with time. While the livelihood level of farmers in Li-Xia-River region continues to improve, the ecosystem service value decreases. The coupling coordination between them is generally improved with significant spatial difference. To implement the policy according to local conditions is essential for achieving high-quality development.