全产业链视角下农业绿色生态补贴环节与策略

LINKS AND STRATEGIES OF AGRICULTURAL GREEN ECOLOGICAL SUBSIDIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE WHOLE INDUSTRY CHAIN

关键词:  绿色生态  农业补贴  全产业链  补贴环节  推进策略

Key words:  green-ecologic  agricultural subsidies  industry chain  subsidy link  promotion strategy

摘要:

目的 2016年中央深改组提出《建立以绿色生态为导向的农业补贴制度改革方案》，由此如何建立绿色生态导向的农业补贴成为学界热议焦点，本文试图从农业全产业链视角建立精准的农业绿色生态补贴策略。方法 以农业全产业链为视角，从农业生产环节、加工环节、流通环节和品牌建设环节入手，讨论农业绿色生态补贴环节与推进策略。结果 研究发现，农业绿色生态补贴需以资源环境可持续利用为结果导向，以绿色高质量产品为目标导向，将补贴方式与金额与农业产业绿色化“挂钩”，明确补贴关键环节与责任主体，采取以奖代补、多元参与等方式，形成激励与管控相结合的补贴机制，提升补贴的精准性和指向性。结论 基于以上思路，不同环节绿色生态补贴策略为：（1）生产环节补贴以化学投入品减量、农业废弃物资源化利用和绿色技术采纳生产者为主，根据绿色生产评估结果获得相应补贴；（2）加工环节补贴按照加工产品等级补贴、对废弃物资源化利用进行补贴等方面入手，提高加工环节绿色生态农业补贴的精准性和科学性；（3）流通环节对农产品流通存储基础设施建设等进行补贴；（4）品牌建设环节通过政府和市场两方面，利用补贴政策促进优质优价市场形成，实现农产品高质量发展。

Abstract:

In 2016, the Central Deep Reform Group put forward the Reform Plan for Establishing Green and Ecological Oriented Agricultural Subsidy System, thus how to establish green and ecological oriented agricultural subsidies became the focus of hot discussion in academic circles. And this paper attempts to establish a precise agricultural green and ecological subsidy strategy from the perspective of the whole agricultural industry chain. Taking the whole agricultural industry chain as a perspective, this study discussed the agricultural green ecological subsidy links and promotion strategies from the agricultural production link, processing link, distribution link and brand building link. The results found that agricultural green ecological subsidies should be oriented to the sustainable use of resources and environment, and the green and high quality products should be the target, and the subsidy methods and amounts should be "linked" to the greening of agricultural industry. The subsidy mechanism was combined with incentive and control, and the precision and directivity of the subsidy were improved. Based on the above ideas, the strategies of green ecological subsidies in different links are proposed as follows. (1) Subsidies in the production link should be based on chemical input reduction, resource utilization of agricultural waste and green technology adoption producers as the main body, and the corresponding subsidies should be made according to the results of green production assessment; (2) Subsidies in the processing link should be based on the level of processed products and subsidies for resource utilization of waste, etc., so as to improve the precision and direction of subsidies in the processing link. (3) Subsidies in the circulation link should invest for the construction of infrastructure for the circulation, storage of agricultural products. (4) In the brand building process, the subsidy policies should be from the government and the market, and promote the formation of high-quality and low-price markets, so as to achieve high-quality development of agricultural products.