内部需求、外部因素对农户宅基地退出的影响研究——基于马斯洛需求理论视角的审视

THE IMPACTS OF INTERNAL DEMANDS, EXTERNAL POLICY FACTORS ON HOUSEHOLD WILLINGNESS OF HOMESTEAD WITHDRAWAL——A SURVEY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MASLOW'S DEMAND THEORY

关键词:  宅基地退出  马斯洛需求理论  农户微观需求  政策外部因素  安义  监利

Key words:  withdrawal of homestead  Maslow's demand theory  households' micro demand  policy external factors  Anyi  Jianli

摘要:

目的 通过马斯洛需求理论视角将影响农户的诸多因素分为内部和外部两个层面，厘清农户宅基地退出的影响因素，为指导农村宅基地有序退出，提高农村土地利用效率提供政策建议。方法 文章利用江西安义和湖北监利两个地区138份农户调研数据，运用Probit计量分析模型，对农户宅基地退出的影响因素和影响强度进行了研究。结果 （1）居住、养老、就业等事关当前农户退出宅基地后所面临的社会保障与生计的因素，表征农户的安全方面的需求，对农户宅基地退出产生了显著的影响；（2）发展机遇因素和政策互动因素表征了农户在退地过程中的社交和尊重方面的需求，也对宅基地退出产生了显著的影响；（3）社会保障与生计方面的需求的作用强度要明显高于社交和尊重方面的需求因素，产生的影响强度也相对较强。结论 （1）政府部门加强对保障和生计的重视，应该保证退地后经济补偿，退地后给予城镇购房补助政策的支持力度和农户退地后生活质量改善情况，维持农民的可持续生计水平。（2）注重政策宣传是否到位，政府关于宅基地退出优惠政策，以及安置就业难易程度的考虑。（3）在当前宅基地制度改革中各地财力不均的情况下，应优先注重农户退出购房补偿的货币安置和住房安置，做到政策有的放矢。

Abstract:

This research is intends to clarify the influencing factors of farmers' homestead withdrawal from the perspective of Maslow's demand theory, and the factors affecting farmers are divided into two levels: internal and external, so as to provide policies for guiding the orderly withdrawal of rural homesteads and improving rural land use efficiency. Based on the survey data of 138 farmer households in Jiangxi Anyi and Hubei Jianli, and the Probit econometric analysis model was used to study the influencing factors and influence intensity of farmers' homestead withdrawal. The results were listed as follows. The factors related to the social security and livelihood faced by the current farmers after they withdrew from their homesteads, such as residence, pension, employment, etc., characterized the security needs of farmers, and had a significant impact on the withdrawal of farmers' homesteads; development opportunity factors and policy interaction factors characterized farmers' social and respect needs in the process of land retreat, and also had a significant impact on homestead withdrawal; social security and livelihood needs were significantly higher than social and respect needs, and the impact strength was relatively strong. The conclusion is listed as follows. Firstly, government should pay more attention to security and livelihood, and ensure economic compensation after land relinquishment, provide support for urban housing subsidy policies after land relinquishment, and improve the quality of life of farmers after relinquishment, so as to maintain the sustainable development of farmers. Secondly, it should pay attention to whether the policy publicity is in place, the government's consideration of the preferential policies for the withdrawal of homesteads, and the difficulty of job placement. Thirdly, it should give the current uneven financial resources in the reform of the homestead system, priority should be given to monetary resettlement and housing resettlement for peasant households' withdrawal of house purchase compensation, so that the policy is targeted.