我国农作物秸秆直接还田利用现状、技术模式及发展建议

CURRENT UTILIZATION STATUS, TECHNICAL MODELS AND DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS FOR DIRECT CROP STRAW RETURNING TO FIELD IN CHINA

关键词:  农作物秸秆  还田利用  资源利用  技术模式  对策建议

Key words:  crop straw  straw returning  resource utilization  technical model  strategy and proposal

摘要:

目的 为加快推动我国秸秆还田利用工作，促进农业绿色低碳发展。方法 文章系统分析我国秸秆资源产生及还田利用现状、问题，集成构建了适合我国不同农区主要农作物的秸秆还田利用十大技术模式，并提出秸秆还田发展建议。结果 （1）全国秸秆资源台账统计结果显示，2021年全国秸秆可收集量为8.65亿t，秸秆直接还田量为4.02亿t，占可收集量的54.7%；其中华北区、东北区、长江中下游区、西南区、西北区和华南区的秸秆直接还田率分别为70.1%、43.0%、60.5%、38.9、37.8%和63.7%。（2）针对不同区域秸秆还田的现状，围绕小麦、水稻、玉米和油菜等主要农作物，提出不同农区的秸秆还田利用十大技术模式：包括东北地区玉米、水稻、玉米—大豆轮作秸秆还田技术模式，黄淮海地区小麦—玉米、小麦—大豆轮作秸秆还田技术模式，长江中下游地区小麦—水稻、油菜—水稻轮、双季稻作秸秆还田技术模式，华南地区水稻秸秆还田技术模式和西南地区水稻秸秆还田技术模式。结论 针对秸秆还田利用现状与问题，提出了构建持续推进的工作体系、科学高效的技术体系、可考核评价的监测体系的发展建议，为全国秸秆综合利用和农业绿色可持续发展提供借鉴参考。

Abstract:

To accelerate the utilization of straw returning to field and promote the green and low-carbon development of agriculture in China. This study systematically analyzed the current situation and problems of straw generation and returning utilization, integrated and constructed ten technical models of straw returning to field for major crops in different agricultural regions of China, then put forward the corresponding development suggestions. The results were showed as follows. The collectable amount of straw in 2021 was 8.65×10⁸ t, and the amount of straw directly returning to field was 4.02×10⁸ t, accounting for 54.7% of the collectable amount. Of which, the direct straw returning rates were 70.1%, 43.0%, 60.5%, 38.9, 37.8% and 63.7% in North China, Northeast China, Middle and Lower Yangtze River, Southwest China, Northwest China and South China, respectively. Based on this, it proposed ten technical models of straw returning in different agricultural regions, including maize, rice and maize-soybean rotation straw returning in the Northeast, wheat-corn and wheat-soybean rotation straw returning in the Yellow and Huaihai regions, wheat-rice and rape-rice rotation and double-season paddy straw returning in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and rice straw returning in the South China, and Southwest China. Therefore, according to the current situation and problems of straw returning, it put forward three development suggestions on constructing a long-term work system, a scientific and efficient technical system, and a monitoring system that can be assessed, so as to provide references for the comprehensive utilization of straw and sustainable development of agriculture in China.