陕西省农村人居环境空间差异及优化策略

SPATIAL DIFFERENCES AND OPTIMIZATION STRATEGIES OF RURAL HUMAN SETTLEMENTS IN SHAANXI PROVINCE

关键词:  乡村人居环境  空间分布特征  区域结构异化  协同优化发展  陕西省

Key words:  rural human settlements  spatial distribution characteristics  regional structure alienation  collaborative optimization development  Shaanxi province

摘要:

目的 评估陕西省乡村人居环境综合水平及其空间分布和区域关联性，为乡村人居环境的区域协同优化发展提供参考。方法 文章通过构建陕西省乡村人居环境评价指标体系，运用熵值法和加权法对其进行综合评价，同时结合ArcGIS软件和空间关联测度模型综合分析其空间格局及区域空间相关性。结果 （1）2010—2020年陕西省农村人居环境综综合指数呈逐年递增的态势；按照变化趋势可以分为2010—2013年缓慢发展期、2013—2018年快速增长期、2018—2020年稳定增长期3个发展阶段；各年份不同子系统综合发展指数的差异表现为“先扩大后缩小”。（2）区域层面来看，陕西省乡村人居环境综合指数以陕北平均值最低为0.469，陕南和关中较接近，分别为0.542和0.534；相对于陕北和陕南，关中各区域人居环境水平发展极不平衡，区域差异最显著；地级市中，西安市综合评价指数最高，安康市和汉中市次之，渭南市和延安市最低。（3）乡村人居环境体系各子系统在区域之间差距较大，不同区域各具优劣势。陕西省乡村人居环境水平指数存在空间聚类现象，表现为明显的高值集聚和空间自相关性，各地区子系统人居环境水平差距较大，热点和冷点区分异明显，区域发展不均衡，全域发展不充分。结论 陕西省乡村人居环境建设中，重点加强对各子系统中劣势的完善和提高，以及加强冷热点区域的协同优化，扬长避短，突出特色，全面提升和促进陕西省各地级市乡村人居环境的提升和优化。

Abstract:

This research is intends to evaluate the comprehensive level, spatial distribution and regional relevance of rural human settlements in Shaanxi province, so as to provide reference for the regional coordinated and optimal development of rural human settlements. By constructing an evaluation index system of rural human settlement environment in Shaanxi province, an entropy method and weighted method was used to comprehensively evaluate it. At the same time, ArcGIS software and spatial correlation measurement model was combined to comprehensively analyze its spatial pattern and regional spatial correlation. The results were showed as follows. From 2010 to 2020, the comprehensive index of rural human settlements in Shaanxi province increased year by year; and according to the change trend, it could be divided into three development stages: slow development period from 2010 to 2013, fast growth period from 2013 to 2018, and stable growth period from 2018 to 2020, and the difference of comprehensive development index of different subsystems in different years showing "first expanding and then shrinking". (2) At the regional level, the average value of the comprehensive index of rural human settlements in Northern Shaanxi was the lowest, 0.469, while that in southern Shaanxi and Guanzhong was close, 0.542 and 0.534 respectively. Compared with northern and southern Shaanxi, the development of human settlements in Guanzhong was extremely unbalanced, and the regional difference was the most significant. Among prefecture level cities, Xi'an had the highest comprehensive evaluation index, followed by Ankang and Hanzhong, and Weinan and Yan'an had the lowest. (3) There was a large regional gap among the subsystems of rural human settlements, and different regions had their own advantages and disadvantages. There was a spatial clustering phenomenon in the rural human settlement environment level index of Shaanxi province, which was manifested in obvious high-value agglomeration and spatial autocorrelation. There was a large gap in the human settlement environment level of each regional subsystem, the distinction between hot spots and cold spots was obvious, the regional development was uneven, and the overall development was insufficient. Therefore, in the construction of rural human settlements in Shaanxi province, each subsystem needs to formulate differentiated zoning optimization strategies, focus on improving the disadvantages of each subsystem, and strengthen the collaborative optimization of cold and hot spots, develop strengths and avoid weaknesses, highlight characteristics, and comprehensively improve and promote the improvement and optimization of rural human settlements in all cities in Shaanxi province.