保护性耕作技术的增收效应研究——以少免耕技术为例

RESEARCH ON THE INCOME-INCREASING EFFECT OF CONSERVATION TILLAGE TECHNOLOGY——TAKING NO AND MINIMUM-TILLAGE TECHNOLOGY AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  少免耕技术  农户收入  产量效应  转移效应  异质性

Key words:  no and minimum-tillage technology  farmers' income  output effect  transfer effect  heterogeneity

摘要:

目的 探讨保护性耕作技术的增收效应对促进农业可持续发展与乡村振兴具有重要意义。方法 文章以少免耕技术为例，基于黑龙江、河南、山东和山西4省614户种粮农户的问卷调查数据，采用普通最小二乘法、倾向得分匹配法和中介效应模型探讨少免耕技术的增收效应。结果 （1）少免耕技术采用对农户增收具有显著促进作用，这一结论经过稳健性检验后依然成立；（2）在克服样本自选择问题带来的“选择偏差”后，通过近邻匹配、半径匹配和核匹配进一步证实了少免耕技术的增收效应；（3）作用机制分析表明，少免耕技术主要通过提高作物产量进而增加农户收入，产量效应发挥了完全的中介效应，而转移效应的中介效应不显著；（4）异质性分析发现，少免耕技术的增收效应呈现出明显的代际差异和规模差异，在新生代农户和规模户中表现更为显著；（5）家庭特征、生产经营特征和认知特征是农户采用少免耕技术的重要影响因素。结论 为发挥少免耕技术的增收效应，需要采取多种途径加大少免耕技术的推广力度，切实发挥技术的增产增收效果、降低技术实施成本，并积极培育新型农业经营主体、推进规模经营发展。

Abstract:

It is of great significance to discuss the income-increasing effect of conservation tillage to promote sustainable agricultural development and rural revitalization. Based on the questionnaire survey data of 614 grain-growing farmers in Heilongjiang, Henan, Shandong and Shanxi provinces, this paper took the no and minimum-tillage technology as an example, and used the ordinary least square method, propensity score matching method and the mediating effect model to explore the income-increasing effect of no and minimum-tillage technology. The results were listed as follows. (1) The adoption of no and minimum-tillage technology had a significant income-increasing effect, and this conclusion was still valid after the robustness test. (2) After overcoming the “selection bias” caused by the sample self-selection problem, the near-neighbor matching, radius matching, and kernel matching further confirmed the income-increasing effect of no and minimum-tillage technology. (3) Analysis of the mechanism of action showed that no and minimum- tillage technology mainly increased farmers' income by increasing crop yields, it had a complete mediating effect, while the mediating effect of the transfer effect was not significant. (4) Heterogeneity analysis showed that there were obvious intergenerational and scale differences in the income-increasing effect of no and minimum-tillage technology, the specific performance was more significant of income-increasing effect of no and minimum-tillage technology in new generation farmers and large-scale farmers. (5) Family characteristics, production and management characteristics, and cognitive characteristics were important influencing factors for farmers to adopt no and minimum-tillage technology. Therefore, in order to promote the no and minimum-tillage technology to increase the income of farmers, it is necessary to adopt a variety of ways to increase the promotion of no and minimum-tillage technology, make full use of no and minimum-tillage technology's effect of increasing production and income, reduce no and minimum-tillage technology implementation costs, and cultivate new-type agricultural management entities to promote the development of scale operation.