农户分化对宅基地退出意愿的影响——来自云南省陆良县的观察

IMPACT OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS DIFFERENTIATION ON FARMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO WITHDRAW FROM RURAL HOMESTEADS——A STUDY BASED ON AN INVESTIGATION IN LULIANG COUNTY, YUNNAN PROVINCE

关键词:  宅基地  多元价值  农户分化  退出意愿  补偿方案

Key words:  rural homesteads  multiple values  rural households differentiation  withdrawal willingness  compensation schemes

摘要:

目的 随着越来越多农户从事非农生产，分化水平的提高使得农户对宅基地价值变现诉求愈发迫切，文章旨在探究农户分化对宅基地退出意愿影响的作用机制和效果。方法 通过文献梳理归纳了宅基地的居住保障价值、生产辅助价值、财产变现价值和乡情寄托价值4个维度的多元价值属性，构建“农户分化—宅基地多元价值效用感知—宅基地退出意愿”分析框架，推导得出农户分化对宅基地退出意愿的影响及变化趋势，基于云南省陆良县343户农户数据运用ivprobit、Logit、mlogit模型进行实证验证。结果 农户分化整体上对农户宅基地退出意愿具有促进作用，在宅基地补偿方案选择中，农户更倾向于选择农村安置房置换，农户分化水平越高，选择农村安置房意愿越强，同时农房建筑翻修年份、宅基地闲置情况、户主的宅基地政策认知水平、耕地确权和农田基础灌溉设施建设等因素均对宅基地退出意愿具有显著影响。结论 农村闲置宅基地退出方案设计应当依据农户分化水平精准施策，需要加强宅基地相关政策法规宣传、巩固耕地确权成果、推进农田基础设施建设，引导农民自愿有序退出宅基地。

Abstract:

With more and more farmers engaged in non-agricultural production, the deepening of the degree of differentiation makes farmers' demands for the realization of the value of rural homesteads increasingly urgent. This paper aims to explore the mechanism and effect of farmers' differentiation on the willingness to withdraw from rural homesteads. Through the literature review, this paper summarized the multiple value attributes of the rural homestead from four dimensions, namely housing guarantee value, production auxiliary value, property realization value and nostalgic sustenance value, constructed an analysis framework of “rural households differentiation(RHD)—the dynamic fluctuations of rural homestead multi-utility perception—rural homestead withdrawal willingness(RHWW)”, and deduced the effect and change trend of RHD on RHWW. Based on the data of 343 farmers in Luliang county, Yunnan province, the ivprobit, logit, and mlogit models were used for empirical verification. The results showed that RHD had an overall positive effect on RHWW. In the selection of withdrawal compensation schemes, farmers were more inclined to choose rural resettlement houses, and the higher the level of farmers' differentiation, the stronger the willingness to choose rural resettlement houses. Factors such as the year of building renovation, the situation of homesteads vacancy, the householder's cognition of the rural-homestead-related policies, farmland rights confirmation and farm irrigation facilities improvement had a significant impact on RHWW. Therefore, the rural homesteads withdrawal plan should be precisely designed in line with the level of farmers' differentiation, and it is necessary to promote rural-homestead-related policy publicity, consolidate the farmland rights confirmation and promote the construction of farmland infrastructure, so as to guide farmers to withdraw from rural homesteads voluntarily and in an orderly manner.