乡村旅游与农村可持续生计耦合协调的时空演化与驱动机制研究——以青岛市为例

SPATIO-TEMPORAL EVOLUTION AND DRIVING MECHANISM OF THE COUPLING COORDINATION OF RURAL TOURISM AND RURAL SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS——A CASE STUDY OF QINGDAO CITY

关键词:  乡村旅游  农村可持续生计  耦合协调度  地理探测  乡村振兴

Key words:  rural tourism  rural sustainable livelihoods  coupling coordination degree  geographical detection  rural vitalization

摘要:

目的 研究乡村旅游与农村可持续生计耦合协调发展对促进乡村地区社会经济可持续高质量发展具有积极作用。方法 文章通过构建乡村旅游与农村可持续生计系统指标体系，以熵值法与变异系数法综合确定指标权重，运用耦合协调度模型对2010—2019年青岛市城郊4区3市乡村旅游与农村可持续生计的耦合协调度进行测算，并运用地理探测器对空间布局的驱动机制进行分析。结果 （1）乡村旅游与农村可持续生计耦合协调度保持持续增长态势，乡村旅游产业发展势头强劲，农村可持续生计水平呈现波动增长。（2）从时空分异特征来看，2010年各区市多呈失调状态，2015年以中级协调为主，2019年黄岛区实现优质协调，其他区市达到良好协调状态。（3）单一影响因子分析显示人口密度对2010年耦合协调度分布状态解释力最强，乡村旅游景点密度对2015年、2019年耦合协调度分布状态解释力最强。（4）因子交互影响分析表明耦合协调度空间分异是多重因素综合作用的结果。结论 各地区应着力于发挥乡村旅游资源要素集聚的推动力，培育特色鲜明的乡村旅游产业集群，实现资源合理开发与持续利用；聚焦乡村旅游产业高质量发展，发挥新型农业经营主体的带动作用，突出农村居民受益主体地位；强化政策引导与调控作用，因地制宜推动乡村旅游与农村可持续生计耦合协调发展。

Abstract:

To study the role of the coupling and coordinated development of rural tourism and rural sustainable livelihoods has a positive impact on promoting sustainable and high-quality development of the socioeconomic and ecological environment in rural areas. In the paper, the index weight was comprehensively determined through the entropy method and the variation coefficient method by building an index system of rural tourism and rural sustainable livelihoods, the coupling coordination degree model was used to measure the coupling coordination degree of rural tourism and sustainable rural livelihood in four districts and three county-level cities of Qingdao from 2010 to 2019, and the geographic detector was used to analyze the driving mechanism of spatial layout. The results showed that the coupling coordination degree of rural tourism and rural sustainable livelihoods kept a continuous growth. The rural tourism industry kept a momentum of strong growth, and the growth of the sustainable rural livelihood development was fluctuating. From the perspective of temporal and spatial differentiation, most of the districts and county-level cities had uncoordinated coupling coordination degree in 2010, most of them had moderate coordination in 2015, and Huangdao achieved excellent coordination, while other districts achieved good coordination in 2019. The single-factor analysis showed that the population density had the strongest explanatory power for coupling coordination degree distribution in 2010, and the density of rural tourist attractions had the strongest explanatory power for coupling coordination degree distribution in 2015 and 2019. The interaction analysis showed that the spatial differentiation of the coupling coordination degree was affected by multiple factors. Therefore, the suggestions for policy are put forward, such as giving full play to the driving force of the agglomeration of rural tourism resources, cultivating rural tourism industry clusters with distinctive characteristics, and realizing the rational development and sustainable utilization of resources, then focusing on the high-quality development of rural tourism industry, giving full play to the leading role of new agricultural business entities, and highlighting the main beneficiary status of rural residents. In addition, strengthening the role of policy guidance and regulation, and promoting the coupling and coordinated development of rural tourism and rural sustainable livelihoods according to local conditions.