生产技术效率与化肥施用效率的耦合协调关系研究——以15个油菜生产省（市）为例

STUDY ON THE COUPLING AND COORDINATION RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY EFFICIENCY AND FERTILIZER APPLICATION EFFICIENCY

关键词:  生产技术效率  化肥施用效率  耦合协调度  油菜  时空差异

Key words:  production technology efficiency  fertilizer application efficiency  coupling coordination degree  rapeseed  spatio-temporal differences

摘要:

目的 从农业生产系统均衡协调发展角度考虑，正确认识生产技术效率与化肥施用效率二者间的辩证关系，实现生产技术效率与化肥施用效率的协调发展，是保障我国粮食安全和推进农业绿色发展的有力举措。方法 文章基于1978—2019年中国15个油菜生产省（市）的面板数据，运用基于超越对数生产函数的随机前沿分析模型、耦合协调度模型及空间相关性分析探究中国油菜生产技术效率、化肥施用效率及两者间耦合协调度的时空分异特征。结果 （1）1978—2019年中国油菜生产技术效率保持平稳增长态势，且长江下游产区（0.777）> 长江上游产区（0.765）> 春油菜产区（0.741）> 长江中游产区（0.620）；（2）1978—2019年中国油菜化肥施用效率整体呈现波动上升趋势，具有明显时段特征，但整体水平不高，明显低于油菜生产技术效率；（3）1978—2019年中国油菜生产技术效率与化肥施用效率耦合协调度稳步增长，且长江下游产区（0.457） > 长江上游产区（0.440） > 春油菜产区（0.396） > 长江中游产区（0.349）；（4）中国油菜生产技术效率存在正向空间相关关系，化肥施用效率不存在空间自相关关系，两者间的耦合协调度仅在部分年份存在正向空间自相关关系。结论 中国油菜生产技术效率和化肥施用效率的耦合协调度经历了由中度失调至濒临失调的发展阶段，且整体呈现向协调方向发展的趋势。

Abstract:

From the consideration of coordinated development of the agricultural production system, the correct understanding of the dialectical relationship between production technical efficiency and fertilizer application, and the achievement of coordinated development is a critical measure to ensure the security of China grain and promote green agricultural development. Based on the panel data of 15 rapeseed-producing provinces (cities) in China from 1978—2019, this paper applied a stochastic frontier analysis model based on the translog production function, coupling coordination degree model, and spatial correlation analysis to explore the technical efficiency of rapeseed production in China, spatial and temporal differences of fertilizer application efficiency and coupling coordination between them. The results showed that: (1) From 1978 to 2019, the technical efficiency of rapeseed production in China maintained a steady growth trend, and the lower Reaches of the Yangtze River (0.777) > the upper reaches of the Yangtze River (0.765) > the spring rapeseed production areas (0.741) > the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (0.620). (2) The overall application efficiency of rapeseed fertilizer in China showed a fluctuating upward trend, which had obvious time characteristics, but the overall level was not high, and it was significantly lower than the technical efficiency of rapeseed production. (3) From 1978 to 2019, the coupling and coordination of China's rapeseed production technology efficiency and fertilizer application efficiency increased steadily, and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River (0.457) > the upper reaches of the Yangtze River (0.440) > the spring rapeseed producing areas (0.396) > the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (0.349). (4) There was a positive spatial correlation relationship between the technical efficiency of rapeseed production in China, and there was no spatial autocorrelation relationship in the fertilizer application efficiency, and the coupling and coordination degree between the two was only positive spatial autocorrelation in some years. In conclusion, the coupling coordination degree of production technical efficiency and fertilizer application efficiency of rapeseed in China has experienced a development stage from moderate imbalance to near imbalance, showing a trend towards coordinated development.