到2025年中国绿肥发展策略

CHINESE GREEN MANURE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY BY 2025

关键词:  绿肥  乡村振兴  潜力与现状  制度模式  发展策略

Key words:  green manure  rural revitalization  potential and current situation of green manure production  institutional models  development strategy

摘要:

目的 绿肥是农田化肥替代的高效、清洁技术，是培育健康土壤、扼制土壤退化的最有效手段，是生产健康农产品的最佳物质和技术保障。需加强绿肥发展规划，推进绿肥生产及产业化进步。方法 文章通过长期工作总结、大规模联合调研、查阅文献等方式，分析了我国绿肥发展现状、潜力、制度模式及重点任务。结果 （1）绿肥生产技术不断优化发展，绿肥产业化新机制（“绿肥+”产业机制）取得明显成效，绿肥生产规模稳步恢复，2022年我国绿肥面积达412万hm²。（2）我国尚有约88%的绿肥面积潜力未加以利用，主要农区和经济林园的绿肥总面积潜力约4 227万hm²，其中农区、经济林园绿肥面积潜力分别为3 340万hm²、887万hm²。（3）概述了我国典型区域农田、果茶园、新整耕地及边际土地可采用的绿肥利用技术模式。（4）近期我国绿肥发展的重点任务是，提升绿肥种业保障水平、加强技术创新及应用、扩展绿肥服务国家战略路径、推动绿肥产业路径建设、创新绿肥产业政策保障机制。结论 到2025年，绿肥生产技术及应用进一步提升，绿肥生产面积稳中有升，绿肥对耕地质量和区域经济的贡献显著增强。在新时代背景下，应立足当前现实需要，着眼为将来留下良田沃土，将推进绿肥生产及其产业化，作为全面推进乡村振兴的重要工作抓手。

Abstract:

Green manure is an efficient and clean technology for substituting chemical fertilizers in farmland. It is the most effective means to cultivate healthy soil and curb farmland degradation, as well as the best material and technological guarantee for producing healthy agricultural products. In the new era with new requirements, it is necessary to strengthen the development planning of green manure, so as to promote the progress of green manure production and industrialization. By summarizing and refining the long-term work on green manure, large-scale joint research, literature review, the current situation, potential, institutional models, and key tasks of green manure development in China were analyzed. The results were listed as follow.(1) The production technology of green manure had continuously improved and developed. The new mechanism of green manure industrialization ("green manure +") had achieved significant achievements. The scale of green manure production had steadily recovered, and the green manure plantation area in China reached 4.12 million hectares in 2022. (2) About 88% of the potential green manure area in our country had not been utilized. The total potential area of green manure in main agricultural regions and economic orchards was approximately 42.27 million hectares, with the potential areas for green manure in agricultural regions and economic orchards being 33.40 million hectares and 8.87 million hectares, respectively. (3) An overview of the green manure utilization technology model applicable in typical regions of agricultural fields, fruit and tea gardens, newly cultivated land, and marginal land in China was provided. (4) The key tasks for the recent development of green manure in China are to improve the level of seed industry guarantee for green manure, strengthen technological innovation and application, expand the path of national strategic services for green manure, promote the construction of green manure industrial paths, and innovate policies that guarantees green manure industry. By 2025, the production technology and application of green manure will be further improved, and the production area of green manure will be steadily increasing. The contribution of green manure to the quality of arable land and regional economy will significantly increase. In the context of the new era, it is necessary to meet the current needs and focus on leaving fertile land for the future. Promoting green manure production and industrialization should be regarded as an important means to comprehensively promote rural revitalization.